वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-74, verse-4

इहोपहारं भूतानां बलवान् रावणातजः ।
उपहृत्य ततः पश्चात् संग्राममभिवर्तते ॥४॥

4. ihopahāraṃ bhūtānāṃ balavān rāvaṇātajaḥ ,
upahṛtya tataḥ paścāt saṃgrāmamabhivartate.

4. iha upahāram bhūtānām balavān rāvaṇātajaḥ
upahṛtya tataḥ paścāt saṅgrāmam abhivartate

4. balavān rāvaṇātajaḥ iha bhūtānām upahāram
upahṛtya tataḥ paścāt saṅgrāmam abhivartate

4. Here, after offering a tribute to the spirits (bhūtas), the mighty son of Ravana then proceeds to engage in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• इह (iha) - here, in this place

• उपहारम् (upahāram) - an offering to spirits (an offering, a tribute, a present)

• भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of spirits (bhūtas) (of beings, of creatures, of spirits)

• बलवान् (balavān) - strong, mighty, powerful

• रावणातजः (rāvaṇātajaḥ) - Indrajit, the son of Ravana (son of Ravana)

• उपहृत्य (upahṛtya) - having offered, having presented, having taken

• ततः (tataḥ) - thence, from there, then, afterwards

• पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards, behind, subsequently

• सङ्ग्रामम् (saṅgrāmam) - battle, war

• अभिवर्तते (abhivartate) - engages in, proceeds to, advances

Words meanings and morphology

इह (iha) - here, in this place

(indeclinable)

उपहारम् (upahāram) - an offering to spirits (an offering, a tribute, a present)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upahāra

upahāra - offering, present, tribute, gift

Derived from 'hṛ' with 'upa'

Prefix: upa

Root: hṛ (class 1)

भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of spirits (bhūtas) (of beings, of creatures, of spirits)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, spirit, ghost; past participle of 'bhū' (become, exist)

Past Passive Participle

From root 'bhū'

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Referring to spirits or sentient beings.

बलवान् (balavān) - strong, mighty, powerful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of balavat

balavat - strong, powerful, mighty; endowed with strength

Suffix -vat applied to bala

रावणातजः (rāvaṇātajaḥ) - Indrajit, the son of Ravana (son of Ravana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇātaja

rāvaṇātaja - son of Ravana (Indrajit)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rāvaṇa+ātaja)

• rāvaṇa – Ravana (the demon king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ātaja – born from, produced from, son
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from ātman and ja (born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to Indrajit.

उपहृत्य (upahṛtya) - having offered, having presented, having taken

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'hṛ' with 'upa' + suffix '-tya'

Prefix: upa

Root: hṛ (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - thence, from there, then, afterwards

(indeclinable)

पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards, behind, subsequently

(indeclinable)

सङ्ग्रामम् (saṅgrāmam) - battle, war

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṅgrāma

saṅgrāma - battle, war, combat, conflict

Derived from 'grama' with 'sam'

Prefix: sam

Root: gram

अभिवर्तते (abhivartate) - engages in, proceeds to, advances

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of abhivartate

Middle voice verb from root 'vṛt' with 'abhi'

Prefix: abhi

Root: vṛt (class 1)

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