वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-41, verse-35

ततः सुभीमो बहुभिर्निशाचरैर्वृतो ऽभिनिष्क्रम्य रणोत्सुको बली ।
ददर्श तां राघवबाहुपालितां समुद्रकल्पां बहुवानरीं चमूम् ॥३५॥

35. tataḥ subhīmo bahubhirniśācarairvṛto'bhiniṣkramya raṇotsuko balī ,
dadarśa tāṃ rāghavabāhupālitāṃ samudrakalpāṃ bahuvānarīṃ camūm.

35. tataḥ subhīmaḥ bahubhiḥ niśācaraiḥ
vṛtaḥ abhiniṣkramya raṇotsukaḥ
balī dadarśa tām rāghavabāhupālitām
samudrakalpām bahuvānarīm camūm

35. tataḥ subhīmaḥ balī bahubhiḥ
niśācaraiḥ vṛtaḥ raṇotsukaḥ abhiniṣkramya
tām rāghavabāhupālitām
samudrakalpām bahuvānarīm camūm dadarśa

35. Then, the exceedingly dreadful and mighty Dhūmrākṣa, surrounded by many night-prowling Rākṣasas and eager for battle, came forth and saw that army. It was protected by Rāghava's arms, resembled the ocean, and comprised many monkeys.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there, therefore

• सुभीमः (subhīmaḥ) - exceedingly dreadful/terrible

• बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many, with many

• निशाचरैः (niśācaraiḥ) - by night-prowlers, by Rākṣasas

• वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed

• अभिनिष्क्रम्य (abhiniṣkramya) - having come forth, having emerged

• रणोत्सुकः (raṇotsukaḥ) - eager for battle, enthusiastic for war

• बली (balī) - powerful, strong, mighty

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw

• ताम् (tām) - that, her (feminine singular accusative)

• राघवबाहुपालिताम् (rāghavabāhupālitām) - protected by Rāma's arms (protected by Rāghava's arms)

• समुद्रकल्पाम् (samudrakalpām) - resembling the ocean, ocean-like

• बहुवानरीम् (bahuvānarīm) - having many monkeys

• चमूम् (camūm) - army, host

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there, therefore

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronominal stem `tad` with the ablative suffix -tas.

सुभीमः (subhīmaḥ) - exceedingly dreadful/terrible

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of subhīma

subhīma - very dreadful, extremely terrible

`su` (good, well, very) + `bhīma` (dreadful, terrible).

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (su+bhīma)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
  prefix
• bhīma – dreadful, terrible, formidable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root `bhī` (to fear).
  Root: bhī (class 3)

बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many, with many

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous

निशाचरैः (niśācaraiḥ) - by night-prowlers, by Rākṣasas

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niśācara

niśācara - night-prowler, demon, Rākṣasa

Compound of `niśā` (night) and `cara` (moving, wandering).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (niśā+cara)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• cara – moving, wandering, going; a goer, attendant
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root `car` (to move, wander).
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Agent of `vṛtaḥ`.

वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛta

vṛta - surrounded, covered, chosen, appointed

Past Passive Participle

From root `vṛ` (to cover, surround) with suffix -ta.

Root: vṛ (class 5)

अभिनिष्क्रम्य (abhiniṣkramya) - having come forth, having emerged

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

From root `kram` (to step) with prefixes `abhi` (towards) and `nis` (out). Formed with suffix -ya after prefixes.

Prefixes: abhi+nis

Root: kram (class 1)

रणोत्सुकः (raṇotsukaḥ) - eager for battle, enthusiastic for war

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of raṇotsuka

raṇotsuka - eager for battle, keen on war

Compound of `raṇa` (battle) and `utsuka` (eager, desirous).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (raṇa+utsuka)

• raṇa – battle, war, combat
  noun (masculine)
  From root `raṇ` (to delight, sound).
  Root: raṇ (class 1)
• utsuka – eager, anxious, desirous, zealous
  adjective (masculine)
  From root `suc` (to be pure, mourn) with prefix `ut` (up).
  Prefix: ut
  Root: suc (class 1)

बली (balī) - powerful, strong, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of balin

balin - strong, powerful, mighty, endowed with strength

From `bala` (strength) with suffix -in.

ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of dṛś

Perfect Active

Reduplicated perfect form of root `dṛś`.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The implied subject is Dhūmrākṣa.

ताम् (tām) - that, her (feminine singular accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of `dadarśa`.

राघवबाहुपालिताम् (rāghavabāhupālitām) - protected by Rāma's arms (protected by Rāghava's arms)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rāghavabāhupālita

rāghavabāhupālita - protected by the arms of Rāghava (Rāma)

Compound of `rāghava` (descendant of Raghu, i.e., Rāma), `bāhu` (arm), and `pālita` (protected - PPP of `pāl`).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rāghava+bāhu+pālita)

• rāghava – descendant of Raghu (an epithet of Rāma)
  proper noun (masculine)
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)
• pālita – protected, guarded, nourished
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `pāl` (to protect).
  Root: pāl (class 10)

समुद्रकल्पाम् (samudrakalpām) - resembling the ocean, ocean-like

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of samudrakalpa

samudrakalpa - like the ocean, resembling the sea

Compound of `samudra` (ocean) and `kalpa` (like, resembling).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (samudra+kalpa)

• samudra – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: mud (class 1)
• kalpa – like, resembling, almost, fit
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix -kalpa indicating similarity.
  Root: kḷp (class 1)

बहुवानरीम् (bahuvānarīm) - having many monkeys

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bahuvānarī

bahuvānarī - having many monkeys (feminine adjective)

Bahuvrīhi compound: `bahu` (many) + `vānara` (monkey) + feminine suffix -ī.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bahu+vānara)

• bahu – many, much, numerous
  adjective (masculine)
• vānara – monkey
  noun (masculine)

चमूम् (camūm) - army, host

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of camū

camū - army, host, troop

Root: cam (class 1)

Previous Verse