वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-41, verse-33

ववर्ष रुधिरं देवः संचचाल च मेदिनी ।
प्रतिलोमं ववौ वायुर्निर्घातसमनिस्वनः ।
तिमिरौघावृतास्तत्र दिशश्च न चकाशिरे ॥३३॥

33. vavarṣa rudhiraṃ devaḥ saṃcacāla ca medinī ,
pratilomaṃ vavau vāyurnirghātasamanisvanaḥ ,
timiraughāvṛtāstatra diśaśca na cakāśire.

33. vavarṣa rudhiram devaḥ sañcacāla
ca medinī pratilomam vavau vāyuḥ
nirghātasamanisvanaḥ timiraughāvṛtāḥ
tatra diśaḥ ca na cakāśire

33. devaḥ rudhiram vavarṣa ca medinī
sañcacāla nirghātasamanisvanaḥ
vāyuḥ pratilomam vavau tatra
timiraughāvṛtāḥ diśaḥ ca na cakāśire

33. The heavens rained blood, and the earth (medinī) trembled. The wind blew in an adverse direction with a sound like a thunderclap. There, the directions, enveloped by masses of darkness, did not shine.

Words meanings summery:

• ववर्ष (vavarṣa) - rained

• रुधिरम् (rudhiram) - blood

• देवः (devaḥ) - the heavens, the sky-god (Indra) (god, deity, divine being)

• सञ्चचाल (sañcacāla) - trembled, shook

• च (ca) - and, also

• मेदिनी (medinī) - the earth, ground

• प्रतिलोमम् (pratilomam) - in an adverse/opposite direction (against the hair/grain, contrary, adverse)

• ववौ (vavau) - blew

• वायुः (vāyuḥ) - wind, air, the deity Vāyu

• निर्घातसमनिस्वनः (nirghātasamanisvanaḥ) - having a sound like a thunderclap

• तिमिरौघावृताः (timiraughāvṛtāḥ) - covered/enveloped by floods/masses of darkness

• तत्र (tatra) - there, at that place

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions, quarters of the sky

• च (ca) - and, also

• न (na) - not, no

• चकाशिरे (cakāśire) - shone, gleamed

Words meanings and morphology

ववर्ष (vavarṣa) - rained

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vṛṣ

Perfect Active

Reduplicated perfect form of root `vṛṣ`.

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

रुधिरम् (rudhiram) - blood

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rudhira

rudhira - blood, saffron, red

From root `rudh` (to obstruct, spill).

Root: rudh (class 7)

Note: Object of `vavarṣa`.

देवः (devaḥ) - the heavens, the sky-god (Indra) (god, deity, divine being)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of deva

deva - god, deity, divine, celestial

From root `div` (to shine).

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Subject of `vavarṣa`.

सञ्चचाल (sañcacāla) - trembled, shook

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of cal

Perfect Active

Reduplicated perfect form of root `cal` with prefix `sam`.

Prefix: sam

Root: cal (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

मेदिनी (medinī) - the earth, ground

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of medinī

medinī - the earth, ground, soil

From `meda` (fat, marrow) perhaps referring to the richness of earth, or from `mid` (to be fat/smooth).

Note: Subject of `sañcacāla`.

प्रतिलोमम् (pratilomam) - in an adverse/opposite direction (against the hair/grain, contrary, adverse)

(indeclinable)

`prati` (against) + `loman` (hair).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (prati+loman)

• prati – against, towards, in return
  indeclinable
  prefix
• loman – hair, wool, down
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adverbial usage (accusative singular neuter).

ववौ (vavau) - blew

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vā

Perfect Active

Reduplicated perfect form of root `vā`.

Root: vā (class 2)

वायुः (vāyuḥ) - wind, air, the deity Vāyu

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāyu

vāyu - wind, air, god of wind

From root `vā` (to blow).

Root: vā (class 2)

Note: Subject of `vavau`.

निर्घातसमनिस्वनः (nirghātasamanisvanaḥ) - having a sound like a thunderclap

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirghātasamanisvana

nirghātasamanisvana - having a sound like a thunderclap

Compound of `nirghāta` (thunderclap), `sama` (equal), and `nisvana` (sound).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nirghāta+sama+nisvana)

• nirghāta – thunderclap, crash, blow
  noun (masculine)
  From `han` with `nir` and `gha` (root with prefix, often meaning striking, destroying).
  Prefix: nir
  Root: han (class 2)
• sama – equal, similar, like
  adjective (masculine)
• nisvana – sound, noise, roar
  noun (masculine)
  From root `svan` (to sound) with prefix `ni`.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: svan (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `vāyuḥ`.

तिमिरौघावृताः (timiraughāvṛtāḥ) - covered/enveloped by floods/masses of darkness

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of timiraughāvṛta

timiraughāvṛta - covered by masses of darkness

Compound of `timira` (darkness), `ogha` (flood, mass), and `āvṛta` (covered, enveloped - P.P.P. of root `vṛ` with `ā`).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (timira+ogha+āvṛta)

• timira – darkness, gloom
  noun (neuter)
• ogha – flood, torrent, mass, multitude
  noun (masculine)
  Root: uh
• āvṛta – covered, surrounded, enveloped
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `vṛ` (to cover) with prefix `ā`.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with `diśaḥ`.

तत्र (tatra) - there, at that place

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronominal stem `tad` with the locative suffix -tra.

दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions, quarters of the sky

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky, region

From root `diś` (to point out).

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Subject of `cakāśire`.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Particle of negation.

Note: Negates `cakāśire`.

चकाशिरे (cakāśire) - shone, gleamed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past perfect (liṭ) of kāś

Perfect Middle

Reduplicated perfect form of root `kāś`.

Root: kāś (class 1)

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