वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-41, verse-31

रथशीर्षे महाभीमो गृध्रश्च निपपात ह ।
ध्वजाग्रे ग्रथिताश्चैव निपेतुः कुणपाशनाः ॥३१॥

31. rathaśīrṣe mahābhīmo gṛdhraśca nipapāta ha ,
dhvajāgre grathitāścaiva nipetuḥ kuṇapāśanāḥ.

31. rathaśīrṣe mahābhīmaḥ gṛdhraḥ ca nipapāta ha
dhvajāgre grathitāḥ ca eva nipetuḥ kuṇapāśanāḥ

31. ha rathaśīrṣe mahābhīmaḥ gṛdhraḥ ca nipapāta
dhvajāgre grathitāḥ ca eva kuṇapāśanāḥ nipetuḥ

31. A huge and dreadful vulture indeed fell upon the chariot's roof. And entangled on the top of the flagpole, carrion-eating birds also fell.

Words meanings summery:

• रथशीर्षे (rathaśīrṣe) - on the roof or top part of the chariot (on the chariot's head/top)

• महाभीमः (mahābhīmaḥ) - huge and dreadful (describing the vulture) (very dreadful, huge and terrible)

• गृध्रः (gṛdhraḥ) - a vulture (as an ill omen) (vulture)

• च (ca) - and

• निपपात (nipapāta) - fell down (as an ill omen) (fell down)

• ह (ha) - indeed (emphatic) (indeed, certainly, an emphatic particle)

• ध्वजाग्रे (dhvajāgre) - on the top of the flagpole (on the top of the flag, on the flagpole)

• ग्रथिताः (grathitāḥ) - entangled (on the flagpole) (strung, tied, entangled)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - also, indeed (emphatic) (indeed, only, just)

• निपेतुः (nipetuḥ) - they also fell down (they fell down)

• कुणपाशनाः (kuṇapāśanāḥ) - carrion-eating birds (like vultures or crows) (carrion-eaters)

Words meanings and morphology

रथशीर्षे (rathaśīrṣe) - on the roof or top part of the chariot (on the chariot's head/top)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of rathaśīrṣa

rathaśīrṣa - chariot-head, front part of a chariot, roof of a chariot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+śīrṣa)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ramh
• śīrṣa – head, top, summit
  noun (neuter)
  Root: śīrṣ

Note: indicates location

महाभीमः (mahābhīmaḥ) - huge and dreadful (describing the vulture) (very dreadful, huge and terrible)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābhīma

mahābhīma - very terrible, very dreadful, immensely huge and frightful

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+bhīma)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective
• bhīma – dreadful, terrible, fearful
  adjective
  derived from root bhī (to fear)
  Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: agrees with gṛdhraḥ

गृध्रः (gṛdhraḥ) - a vulture (as an ill omen) (vulture)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gṛdhra

gṛdhra - vulture, greedy, eager

Root: gṛdh (class 4)

Note: subject of nipapāta

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

निपपात (nipapāta) - fell down (as an ill omen) (fell down)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of nipat

perfect tense

reduplicated form of pat with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

ह (ha) - indeed (emphatic) (indeed, certainly, an emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

ध्वजाग्रे (dhvajāgre) - on the top of the flagpole (on the top of the flag, on the flagpole)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dhvajāgra

dhvajāgra - tip of a standard/flag, flagpole top

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhvaja+agra)

• dhvaja – flag, banner, standard
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhvaj (class 1)
• agra – top, front, tip, summit
  noun (neuter)
  Root: aj

Note: indicates location

ग्रथिताः (grathitāḥ) - entangled (on the flagpole) (strung, tied, entangled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of grathita

grathita - strung, tied, connected, composed, entangled

Past Passive Participle

derived from root granth (to tie, to string) with suffix ita and kta

Root: granth (class 9)

Note: agrees with kuṇapāśanāḥ

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - also, indeed (emphatic) (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

निपेतुः (nipetuḥ) - they also fell down (they fell down)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of nipat

perfect tense

reduplicated form of pat with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

कुणपाशनाः (kuṇapāśanāḥ) - carrion-eating birds (like vultures or crows) (carrion-eaters)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuṇapāśana

kuṇapāśana - carrion-eater, flesh-eater (e.g., vulture, raven)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuṇapa+āśana)

• kuṇapa – corpse, dead body, carrion
  noun (masculine/neuter)
• āśana – eating, food, eater
  noun (neuter)
  derived from root aś (to eat) with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: aś (class 9)

Note: subject of nipetuḥ

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