वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-41, verse-23

ते बद्धघण्टा बलिनो घोररूपा निशाचराः ।
विनर्दमानाः संहृष्टा धूम्राक्षं पर्यवारयन् ॥२३॥

23. te baddhaghaṇṭā balino ghorarūpā niśācarāḥ ,
vinardamānāḥ saṃhṛṣṭā dhūmrākṣaṃ paryavārayan.

23. te baddhaghaṇṭāḥ balinaḥ ghorarūpāḥ niśācarāḥ
vinardamānāḥ saṃhṛṣṭāḥ dhūmrākṣam paryavārayan

23. te baddhaghaṇṭāḥ balinaḥ ghorarūpāḥ vinardamānāḥ
saṃhṛṣṭāḥ niśācarāḥ dhūmrākṣam paryavārayan

23. Those mighty, dreadful-looking rākṣasas, with bells tied, roaring and greatly delighted, surrounded Dhūmrākṣa.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those

• बद्धघण्टाः (baddhaghaṇṭāḥ) - with tied bells, having bells fastened

• बलिनः (balinaḥ) - mighty, powerful

• घोररूपाः (ghorarūpāḥ) - of terrible form, dreadful-looking

• निशाचराः (niśācarāḥ) - the night-wanderers, rākṣasas

• विनर्दमानाः (vinardamānāḥ) - roaring, shouting

• संहृष्टाः (saṁhṛṣṭāḥ) - greatly delighted, very happy

• धूम्राक्षम् (dhūmrākṣam) - Dhūmrākṣa

• पर्यवारयन् (paryavārayan) - surrounded

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the rākṣasas.

बद्धघण्टाः (baddhaghaṇṭāḥ) - with tied bells, having bells fastened

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of baddhaghaṇṭa

baddhaghaṇṭa - having tied bells

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (baddha+ghaṇṭā)

• baddha – tied, bound, fastened
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bandh (to bind).
  Root: bandh (class 9)
• ghaṇṭā – bell
  noun (feminine)

Note: Describes the rākṣasas.

बलिनः (balinaḥ) - mighty, powerful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of balin

balin - strong, powerful, mighty

Derived from bala (strength) with ini suffix.

Note: Qualifies niśācarāḥ.

घोररूपाः (ghorarūpāḥ) - of terrible form, dreadful-looking

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ghorarūpa

ghorarūpa - of terrible form, dreadful, frightful-looking

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (ghora+rūpa)

• ghora – terrible, dreadful, formidable
  adjective (masculine)
• rūpa – form, appearance, shape
  noun (neuter)

निशाचराः (niśācarāḥ) - the night-wanderers, rākṣasas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of niśācara

niśācara - night-wanderer, demon, rākṣasa

Derived from niśā (night) + cara (moving).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (niśā+cara)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• cara – moving, going; a wanderer
  noun (masculine)
  From root car (to move).
  Root: car (class 1)

विनर्दमानाः (vinardamānāḥ) - roaring, shouting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vinardamāna

vinardamāna - roaring, bellowing, shouting

Present Middle Participle

From root nard (to roar) with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: nard (class 1)

Note: Describes an action performed by the rākṣasas.

संहृष्टाः (saṁhṛṣṭāḥ) - greatly delighted, very happy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃhṛṣṭa

saṁhṛṣṭa - delighted, thrilled, greatly pleased

Past Passive Participle

Derived from sam-hṛṣ (to be glad, rejoice)

Prefix: sam

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies niśācarāḥ, describing their state.

धूम्राक्षम् (dhūmrākṣam) - Dhūmrākṣa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhūmrākṣa

dhūmrākṣa - smoke-eyed; Dhūmrākṣa (a rākṣasa)

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (dhūmra+akṣa)

• dhūmra – smoke, smoky, gray
  noun (masculine)
• akṣa – eye
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of the verb paryavārayan.

पर्यवारयन् (paryavārayan) - surrounded

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of parivṛ

Imperfect (Laṅ), Causative

From root vṛ (to cover, surround) with prefix pari. Causative stem vāray.

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Main verb.

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