वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-115, verse-12

कृत्स्नं च नगरं तत्तु नन्दिग्राममुपागमत् ।
द्विजातिमुख्यैर्धर्मात्मा श्रेणीमुख्यैः सनैगमैः ॥१२॥

12. kṛtsnaṃ ca nagaraṃ tattu nandigrāmamupāgamat ,
dvijātimukhyairdharmātmā śreṇīmukhyaiḥ sanaigamaiḥ.

12. kṛtsnaṃ ca nagaraṃ tat tu nandigrāmam upāgamat
dvijātimukhyaiḥ dharmātmā śreṇīmukhyaiḥ sa-naigamaiḥ

12. tat kṛtsnaṃ nagaraṃ ca tu nandigrāmam upāgamat
dharmātmā dvijātimukhyaiḥ śreṇīmukhyaiḥ sa-naigamaiḥ

12. And that entire city, indeed, approached Nandigrama. Bharata, whose intrinsic nature is natural law (dharma), was accompanied by the chiefs of the twice-born (dvija), the chiefs of the guilds, and merchants.

Words meanings summery:

• कृत्स्नं (kṛtsnaṁ) - entire, whole, complete

• च (ca) - and, also

• नगरं (nagaraṁ) - city, town

• तत् (tat) - that, that one

• तु (tu) - indeed, but, however

• नन्दिग्रामम् (nandigrāmam) - to Nandigrama

• उपागमत् (upāgamat) - approached, came near, arrived

• द्विजातिमुख्यैः (dvijātimukhyaiḥ) - by the chiefs of the twice-born (brāhmaṇas) (by the chiefs of the twice-born)

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - Bharata, whose intrinsic nature is natural law (dharma) (one whose self/soul is righteousness, righteous, virtuous)

• श्रेणीमुख्यैः (śreṇīmukhyaiḥ) - by the chiefs of the guilds/corporations

• स-नैगमैः (sa-naigamaiḥ) - with merchants, accompanied by merchants

Words meanings and morphology

कृत्स्नं (kṛtsnaṁ) - entire, whole, complete

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṛtsna

kṛtsna - entire, whole, complete, all

Note: Modifies `nagaram`.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

नगरं (nagaraṁ) - city, town

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nagara

nagara - city, town

Note: Object of `upāgamat`.

तत् (tat) - that, that one

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, it

Note: Modifies `nagaram`.

तु (tu) - indeed, but, however

(indeclinable)

नन्दिग्रामम् (nandigrāmam) - to Nandigrama

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nandigrāma

nandigrāma - Name of a village/town (Nandigrama)

Note: Object of `upāgamat`, indicating destination.

उपागमत् (upāgamat) - approached, came near, arrived

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of upāgam

past imperfect

`upa-` (prefix) + root `gam` (1st class, `gacchati`) + `laṅ` (imperfect past) 3rd person singular active.

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject is `nagaram`.

द्विजातिमुख्यैः (dvijātimukhyaiḥ) - by the chiefs of the twice-born (brāhmaṇas) (by the chiefs of the twice-born)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dvijātimukhya

dvijātimukhya - chief of the twice-born, chief of brāhmaṇas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvijāti+mukhya)

• dvijāti – twice-born, referring to a brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, or vaiśya (those eligible for upanayana); bird; tooth
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: dvi
  Root: jan (class 4)
• mukhya – chief, principal, foremost, main
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Indicates accompaniment.

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - Bharata, whose intrinsic nature is natural law (dharma) (one whose self/soul is righteousness, righteous, virtuous)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - one whose self/soul is righteousness, righteous, virtuous

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, religion
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Bharata.

श्रेणीमुख्यैः (śreṇīmukhyaiḥ) - by the chiefs of the guilds/corporations

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śreṇīmukhya

śreṇīmukhya - chief of the guilds, head of a corporation

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śreṇī+mukhya)

• śreṇī – line, row, series, guild, corporation
  noun (feminine)
• mukhya – chief, principal, foremost, main
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Indicates accompaniment.

स-नैगमैः (sa-naigamaiḥ) - with merchants, accompanied by merchants

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sanaigama

sanaigama - accompanied by merchants, together with merchants

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+naigama)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable/prefix
• naigama – merchant, trader, inhabitant of a city (nigama)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates accompaniment.

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