वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-7, verse-1

एवमुक्तस्तु सुग्रीवो रामेणार्तेन वानरः ।
अब्रवीत् प्राञ्जलिर्वाक्यं सबाष्पं बाष्पगद्गदः ॥१॥

1. evamuktastu sugrīvo rāmeṇārtena vānaraḥ ,
abravīt prāñjalirvākyaṃ sabāṣpaṃ bāṣpagadgadaḥ.

1. evam uktaḥ tu sugrīvaḥ rāmeṇa artena vānaraḥ
abravīt prāñjaliḥ vākyam sabāṣpam bāṣpagadgadaḥ

1. artena rāmeṇa evam uktaḥ tu vānaraḥ sugrīvaḥ
prāñjaliḥ sabāṣpam bāṣpagadgadaḥ vākyam abravīt

1. When spoken to thus by the distressed Rāma, Sugrīva, the monkey, with folded hands, spoke words that were tearful and choked with emotion.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken, said, addressed

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugrīva

• रामेण (rāmeṇa) - by Rāma

• अर्तेन (artena) - by the distressed, by the suffering

• वानरः (vānaraḥ) - monkey

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

• प्राञ्जलिः (prāñjaliḥ) - with folded hands, reverently

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, sentence

• सबाष्पम् (sabāṣpam) - with tears, tearful

• बाष्पगद्गदः (bāṣpagadgadaḥ) - choked with tears, stammering due to tears

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken, said, addressed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Participle functioning as an adjective, modifying Sugrīva.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugrīva

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - Sugrīva (proper name, 'beautiful-necked')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+grīva)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• grīva – neck
  noun (feminine)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

रामेण (rāmeṇa) - by Rāma

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (proper name, 'pleasing, charming')

Note: Agent of the action 'spoken to'.

अर्तेन (artena) - by the distressed, by the suffering

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of arta

arta - distressed, afflicted, suffering, pained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root ṛ (to go, to move), with prefix ā, or from ard (to pain).

Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Participle functioning as an adjective.

वानरः (vānaraḥ) - monkey

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vānara

vānara - monkey, ape

Note: Appositive to sugrīvaḥ.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Tense

Augment a- + root brū + ī + ending.

Root: brū (class 2)

प्राञ्जलिः (prāñjaliḥ) - with folded hands, reverently

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāñjali

prāñjali - with folded hands, reverent, respectful (lit. 'with joined palms')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pra+añjali)

• pra – forth, forward, greatly
  indeclinable
• añjali – the folded or clasped hands (as a gesture of reverence)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: añj (class 7)

Note: Modifies sugrīvaḥ.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, sentence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence, statement

Derived from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of abravīt.

सबाष्पम् (sabāṣpam) - with tears, tearful

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sabāṣpa

sabāṣpa - tearful, with tears

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+bāṣpa)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• bāṣpa – tears, vapor, steam
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial usage modifying vākyam or the manner of speaking.

बाष्पगद्गदः (bāṣpagadgadaḥ) - choked with tears, stammering due to tears

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bāṣpagadgada

bāṣpagadgada - choked with tears, stammering due to tears, faltering voice from weeping

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bāṣpa+gadgada)

• bāṣpa – tears, vapor, steam
  noun (masculine)
• gadgada – faltering, stammering, inarticulate (of voice)
  adjective
  Reduplicated from root gad (to speak, say)
  Root: gad (class 1)

Note: Modifies sugrīvaḥ.

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