वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-58, verse-22

रामलक्ष्मणयोर्नाम क्रोशन्तीं मुक्तमूर्धजाम् ।
एष कालात्ययस्तावदिति वाक्यविदां वरः ॥२२॥

22. rāmalakṣmaṇayornāma krośantīṃ muktamūrdhajām ,
eṣa kālātyayastāvaditi vākyavidāṃ varaḥ.

22. rāmalakṣmaṇayoḥ nāma krośantīm muktamūrdhajām
eṣaḥ kālātyayaḥ tāvat iti vākyavidām varaḥ

22. muktamūrdhajām rāmalakṣmaṇayoḥ nāma krośantīm
eṣaḥ kālātyayaḥ tāvat iti vākyavidām varaḥ

22. Observing her with unbound hair, crying out the names of Rama and Lakshmana, the best among those eloquent in speech declared, 'This indeed signifies a critical delay.'

Words meanings summery:

• रामलक्ष्मणयोः (rāmalakṣmaṇayoḥ) - of Rama and Lakshmana

• नाम (nāma) - the names (of Rama and Lakshmana) (name, by name, indeed)

• क्रोशन्तीम् (krośantīm) - (her) crying out (crying, shouting, wailing (feminine))

• मुक्तमूर्धजाम् (muktamūrdhajām) - (her) with unbound hair (with unbound hair, with dishevelled hair (feminine))

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (situation) (this, this one)

• कालात्ययः (kālātyayaḥ) - a critical delay (of time) (lapse of time, delay, passing of time)

• तावत् (tāvat) - indeed, certainly (so much, so far, indeed, only, by this much)

• इति (iti) - (marking speech) (thus, so, in this manner (marks direct or indirect speech))

• वाक्यविदाम् (vākyavidām) - of those eloquent in speech (of those who know speech/sentences)

• वरः (varaḥ) - the best (one) (best, excellent, boon, choice)

Words meanings and morphology

रामलक्ष्मणयोः (rāmalakṣmaṇayoḥ) - of Rama and Lakshmana

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of rāmalakṣmaṇa

rāmalakṣmaṇa - Rama and Lakshmana (the two brothers)

Compound type : dvandva (rāma+lakṣmaṇa)

• rāma – Rama, an incarnation of Vishnu
  proper noun (masculine)
• lakṣmaṇa – Lakshmana, brother of Rama
  proper noun (masculine)

नाम (nāma) - the names (of Rama and Lakshmana) (name, by name, indeed)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nāman

nāman - name, appellation

Note: Also functions as an indeclinable meaning 'indeed'. Here, it's accusative singular of 'nāman'.

क्रोशन्तीम् (krośantīm) - (her) crying out (crying, shouting, wailing (feminine))

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of krośat

krośat - crying, shouting, wailing

present active participle

Derived from root `kruś` (class 1, "to cry out") + `śatṛ` suffix, then feminized with `ī`.

Root: kruś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies an implied feminine noun (e.g., Sītām).

मुक्तमूर्धजाम् (muktamūrdhajām) - (her) with unbound hair (with unbound hair, with dishevelled hair (feminine))

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of muktamūrdhajā

muktamūrdhajā - having dishevelled hair

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mukta+mūrdhaja)

• mukta – released, set free, unbound
  adjective
  past passive participle
  Derived from root `muc` (to release).
  Root: muc (class 6)
• mūrdhaja – hair (literally, 'born from the head')
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies an implied feminine noun (e.g., Sītām).

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (situation) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Refers to the preceding description of Sita's state as the 'delay'.

कालात्ययः (kālātyayaḥ) - a critical delay (of time) (lapse of time, delay, passing of time)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kālātyaya

kālātyaya - passing of time, lapse of time, delay

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+atyaya)

• kāla – time, appropriate time
  noun (masculine)
• atyaya – passing, lapse, transgression, danger
  noun (masculine)
  From `ati` + `i` (to go).
  Prefix: ati
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Null as it stands for 'is'.

तावत् (tāvat) - indeed, certainly (so much, so far, indeed, only, by this much)

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - (marking speech) (thus, so, in this manner (marks direct or indirect speech))

(indeclinable)

वाक्यविदाम् (vākyavidām) - of those eloquent in speech (of those who know speech/sentences)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vākyavid

vākyavid - one who knows speech, expert in language, eloquent

From `vākya` (speech/sentence) and `vid` (knower).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vākya+vid)

• vākya – speech, sentence, statement
  noun (neuter)
  From root `vac` (to speak).
  Root: vac (class 2)
• vid – knower, one who understands
  adjective/noun
  From root `vid` (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)

वरः (varaḥ) - the best (one) (best, excellent, boon, choice)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - excellent, best, pre-eminent; also boon, choice

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Previous Verse Next Verse