वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-58, verse-19

दिष्ट्या जीवसि तातेति अब्रुवन्मां महर्षयः ।
कथं चित् सकलत्रो ऽसौ गतस्ते स्वस्त्यसंशयम् ॥१९॥

19. diṣṭyā jīvasi tāteti abruvanmāṃ maharṣayaḥ ,
kathaṃ cit sakalatro'sau gataste svastyasaṃśayam.

19. diṣṭyā jīvasi tāta iti abruvan mām maharṣayaḥ kathaṃ
cit sa-kalatraḥ asau gataḥ te svasti asaṃśayam

19. The great sages said to me, 'Fortunately, dear child, you are alive! That one (Rāvaṇa), accompanied by the wife (Sītā), has undoubtedly gone safely, somehow (having evaded you).'

Words meanings summery:

• दिष्ट्या (diṣṭyā) - Fortunately (fortunately, by luck)

• जीवसि (jīvasi) - you are alive (you live, you are alive)

• तात (tāta) - dear child (dear child, father)

• इति (iti) - thus (marking the end of a quote) (thus, so saying, quote marker)

• अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they said (they said, they spoke)

• माम् (mām) - to me (Hanumān) (me, to me)

• महर्षयः (maharṣayaḥ) - the great sages (great sages)

• कथं (kathaṁ) - somehow (how, in what manner)

• चित् (cit) - (particle for indefiniteness) (particle indicating indefiniteness; and)

• स-कलत्रः (sa-kalatraḥ) - accompanied by the wife (Sītā) (with his wife, accompanied by a female)

• असौ (asau) - that one (Rāvaṇa) (that one, he)

• गतः (gataḥ) - has gone (back) (gone, went, reached)

• ते (te) - (having evaded you) (to you, for you, by you (dative/genitive/instrumental))

• स्वस्ति (svasti) - safely (well-being, safety, fortunately)

• असंशयम् (asaṁśayam) - without doubt (without doubt, certainly)

Words meanings and morphology

दिष्ट्या (diṣṭyā) - Fortunately (fortunately, by luck)

(indeclinable)

Feminine instrumental singular. Used adverbially.

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Adverbial usage.

जीवसि (jīvasi) - you are alive (you live, you are alive)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jīv

Present indicative, active voice, 2nd person singular. From root 'jīv' (to live) with class 1 conjugation.

Root: jīv (class 1)

तात (tāta) - dear child (dear child, father)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear child (term of endearment)

Vocative singular.

इति (iti) - thus (marking the end of a quote) (thus, so saying, quote marker)

(indeclinable)

अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they said (they said, they spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect past tense, active voice, 3rd person plural. From root 'brū' (to speak) with class 2 conjugation.

Root: brū (class 2)

माम् (mām) - to me (Hanumān) (me, to me)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Accusative singular.

महर्षयः (maharṣayaḥ) - the great sages (great sages)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of maharṣi

maharṣi - great sage

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'ṛṣi' (sage). Masculine nominative plural.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ṛṣi)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣ

कथं (kathaṁ) - somehow (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of 'kim' (what).

चित् (cit) - (particle for indefiniteness) (particle indicating indefiniteness; and)

(indeclinable)

स-कलत्रः (sa-kalatraḥ) - accompanied by the wife (Sītā) (with his wife, accompanied by a female)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sa-kalatra

sa-kalatra - accompanied by a wife/woman

Bahuvrīhi compound, 'sa' (with) + 'kalatra' (wife/woman). Masculine nominative singular, referring to Rāvaṇa.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+kalatra)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  A prefix indicating accompaniment.
• kalatra – wife, woman
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'asau'.

असौ (asau) - that one (Rāvaṇa) (that one, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, that one

Nominative singular masculine.

गतः (gataḥ) - has gone (back) (gone, went, reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, having gone

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'gam' (to go) with suffix 'kta' (ta). Masculine nominative singular.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate here.

ते (te) - (having evaded you) (to you, for you, by you (dative/genitive/instrumental))

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Dative/Genitive/Instrumental singular. Here implying 'by you' or 'from you'. Context suggests 'having managed to escape your grasp' or 'having left your presence'.

स्वस्ति (svasti) - safely (well-being, safety, fortunately)

(indeclinable)

Neuter nominative singular. Used adverbially.

Root: as

Note: Used adverbially.

असंशयम् (asaṁśayam) - without doubt (without doubt, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Compound of 'a' (negation) + 'saṃśaya' (doubt). Neuter accusative singular, used adverbially.

Compound type : avyayibhāva (a+saṃśaya)

• a – not, non-, without
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• saṃśaya – doubt, uncertainty
  noun (masculine)
  From 'śī' (to lie, doubt) with 'sam'. Masculine.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Adverbial usage.

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