वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-43, verse-15

स तत् प्रकर्षन् हरिणां बलं महद्बभूव वीरः पवनात्मजः कपि ।
गताम्बुदे व्योम्नि विशुद्धमण्डलः शशीव नक्षत्रगणोपशोभितः ॥१५॥

15. sa tat prakarṣan hariṇāṃ balaṃ mahadbabhūva vīraḥ pavanātmajaḥ kapi ,
gatāmbude vyomni viśuddhamaṇḍalaḥ śaśīva nakṣatragaṇopaśobhitaḥ.

15. saḥ tat prakarṣan hariṇām balam
mahat babhūva vīraḥ pavanātmajaḥ kapiḥ
gatāmbude vyomni viśuddhamaṇḍalaḥ
śaśī iva nakṣatragaṇopaśobhitaḥ

15. saḥ vīraḥ pavanātmajaḥ kapiḥ hariṇām
mahat balam prakarṣan gatāmbude
vyomni viśuddhamandalaḥ
nakṣatragaṇopaśobhitaḥ śaśī iva babhūva

15. As he gathered that great strength of the monkeys, the heroic monkey, the son of the wind, appeared like the moon with a clear disk, resplendent amidst a host of stars in a cloudless sky.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• तत् (tat) - referring to the strength of the monkeys (that, this)

• प्रकर्षन् (prakarṣan) - gathering the army's strength (drawing forth, pulling, gathering, advancing)

• हरिणाम् (hariṇām) - of the monkeys (army) (of monkeys, of brown/tawny ones)

• बलम् (balam) - the army or the collective strength of the monkeys (strength, power, army, force)

• महत् (mahat) - great (strength/army) (great, large, extensive)

• बभूव (babhūva) - appeared as, became like (became, existed, happened)

• वीरः (vīraḥ) - the heroic (monkey) (hero, brave man, strong)

• पवनात्मजः (pavanātmajaḥ) - Hanuman (son of the wind)

• कपिः (kapiḥ) - the monkey (Hanuman) (monkey)

• गताम्बुदे (gatāmbude) - in the cloudless sky (in a cloudless (sky))

• व्योम्नि (vyomni) - in the sky (in the sky, in space)

• विशुद्धमण्डलः (viśuddhamaṇḍalaḥ) - with a clear disk (like the moon) (with a clear disk/orb)

• शशी (śaśī) - moon

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• नक्षत्रगणोपशोभितः (nakṣatragaṇopaśobhitaḥ) - adorned by a host of stars

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तत् (tat) - referring to the strength of the monkeys (that, this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Functions as object of 'prakarṣan'.

प्रकर्षन् (prakarṣan) - gathering the army's strength (drawing forth, pulling, gathering, advancing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prakarṣat

prakarṣat - drawing forth, pulling, dragging, excelling

Present Active Participle

Derived from verb root kṛṣ (to pull, draw) with upasarga pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Refers to Hanuman (saḥ).

हरिणाम् (hariṇām) - of the monkeys (army) (of monkeys, of brown/tawny ones)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of hari

hari - monkey, tawny, lion, Vishnu

बलम् (balam) - the army or the collective strength of the monkeys (strength, power, army, force)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, army, force, might

Note: Object of 'prakarṣan'.

महत् (mahat) - great (strength/army) (great, large, extensive)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, extensive, mighty

Note: Qualifies 'balam'.

बभूव (babhūva) - appeared as, became like (became, existed, happened)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of bhū

Perfect Active

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice, from root bhū (class 1).

Root: bhū (class 1)

वीरः (vīraḥ) - the heroic (monkey) (hero, brave man, strong)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave, mighty, warrior

Note: Predicate nominative for 'saḥ'.

पवनात्मजः (pavanātmajaḥ) - Hanuman (son of the wind)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pavanātmaja

pavanātmaja - son of the wind (epithet for Hanuman)

Compound type : tatpurusha (pavana+ātmaja)

• pavana – wind, air, god of wind
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pu (class 1)
• ātmaja – son, born from oneself
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from ātman (self) + ja (born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Appositive to 'saḥ' and 'vīraḥ'.

कपिः (kapiḥ) - the monkey (Hanuman) (monkey)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kapi

kapi - monkey

Note: Appositive to 'saḥ', 'vīraḥ', 'pavanātmajaḥ'.

गताम्बुदे (gatāmbude) - in the cloudless sky (in a cloudless (sky))

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of gatāmbuda

gatāmbuda - cloudless (lit. 'whose clouds have gone')

Compound type : bahuvrihi (gata+ambuda)

• gata – gone, past
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)
• ambuda – cloud (lit. 'giver of water')
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from ambu (water) + da (giver).
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'vyomni'.

व्योम्नि (vyomni) - in the sky (in the sky, in space)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vyoman

vyoman - sky, atmosphere, space

विशुद्धमण्डलः (viśuddhamaṇḍalaḥ) - with a clear disk (like the moon) (with a clear disk/orb)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśuddhamaṇḍala

viśuddhamaṇḍala - having a pure or clear disk/orb

Compound type : bahuvrihi (viśuddha+maṇḍala)

• viśuddha – pure, clean, clear
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root śudh (to purify) with upasarga vi-.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: śudh (class 4)
• maṇḍala – disk, orb, circle, region
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'śaśī'.

शशी (śaśī) - moon

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śaśin

śaśin - moon (lit. 'having a hare')

Note: Subject of the simile.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the simile.

नक्षत्रगणोपशोभितः (nakṣatragaṇopaśobhitaḥ) - adorned by a host of stars

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nakṣatragaṇopaśobhita

nakṣatragaṇopaśobhita - adorned by a multitude/host of stars

Compound type : tatpurusha (nakṣatragaṇa+upaśobhita)

• nakṣatragaṇa – host of stars, constellation
  noun (masculine)
• upaśobhita – adorned, embellished
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root śubh (to shine, be beautiful) with upasarga upa-.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: śubh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'śaśī'.

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