वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-64, verse-19

तं गृध्रं प्रेक्ष्य ताम्राक्षं गतासुमचलोपमम् ।
रामः सुबहुभिर्दुःखैर्दीनः सौमित्रिमब्रवीत् ॥१९॥

19. taṃ gṛdhraṃ prekṣya tāmrākṣaṃ gatāsumacalopamam ,
rāmaḥ subahubhirduḥkhairdīnaḥ saumitrimabravīt.

19. tam gṛdhram prekṣya tāmrākṣam gatāsum acalopamam
rāmaḥ subahubhiḥ duḥkhaiḥ dīnaḥ saumitrim abravīt

19. rāmaḥ tam tāmrākṣam gatāsum acalopamam gṛdhram
prekṣya subahubhiḥ duḥkhaiḥ dīnaḥ saumitrim abravīt

19. Seeing that mountain-like vulture, red-eyed and lifeless, Rāma, filled with immense sorrow, spoke to Saumitri (Lakṣmaṇa).

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that (vulture) (that, him)

• गृध्रम् (gṛdhram) - vulture (Jaṭāyu) (vulture)

• प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen (having seen, having perceived)

• ताम्राक्षम् (tāmrākṣam) - red-eyed

• गतासुम् (gatāsum) - lifeless (whose life has departed, lifeless, dead)

• अचलोपमम् (acalopamam) - resembling a mountain (mountain-like, resembling a mountain)

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma (Rāma (proper noun))

• सुबहुभिः (subahubhiḥ) - by very many (sorrows) (by very many)

• दुःखैः (duḥkhaiḥ) - with sorrows (by sorrows, by pains)

• दीनः (dīnaḥ) - distressed (distressed, wretched, miserable)

• सौमित्रिम् (saumitrim) - to Saumitri (Lakṣmaṇa) (to the son of Sumitrā (Lakṣmaṇa))

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (spoke, said)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that (vulture) (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

गृध्रम् (gṛdhram) - vulture (Jaṭāyu) (vulture)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gṛdhra

gṛdhra - vulture, greedy

प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen (having seen, having perceived)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Derived from √īkṣ (class 1, to see) with prefix pra- (forth), forming an absolutive.

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

ताम्राक्षम् (tāmrākṣam) - red-eyed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tāmrākṣa

tāmrākṣa - red-eyed

Compound type : bahuvrihi (tāmra+akṣa)

• tāmra – copper-colored, red
  adjective (neuter)
• akṣa – eye
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with gṛdhram.

गतासुम् (gatāsum) - lifeless (whose life has departed, lifeless, dead)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gatāsu

gatāsu - whose life has departed, dead

Compound type : bahuvrihi (gata+asu)

• gata – gone, departed
  Past Passive Participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)
• asu – breath, life
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with gṛdhram.

अचलोपमम् (acalopamam) - resembling a mountain (mountain-like, resembling a mountain)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of acalopama

acalopama - mountain-like, resembling a mountain

Compound type : tatpurusha (acala+upama)

• acala – immovable, mountain
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: a
• upama – resemblance, comparison, simile
  noun (feminine)

Note: Agrees with gṛdhram.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma (Rāma (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (name of the hero)

सुबहुभिः (subahubhiḥ) - by very many (sorrows) (by very many)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of subahu

subahu - very much, very many

Compound type : tatpurusha (su+bahu)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• bahu – many, much
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with duḥkhaiḥ.

दुःखैः (duḥkhaiḥ) - with sorrows (by sorrows, by pains)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, suffering, misery

दीनः (dīnaḥ) - distressed (distressed, wretched, miserable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - distressed, wretched, miserable, poor

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √dai (to pine, to suffer).

Root: dai (class 4)

Note: Agrees with rāmaḥ.

सौमित्रिम् (saumitrim) - to Saumitri (Lakṣmaṇa) (to the son of Sumitrā (Lakṣmaṇa))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saumitri

saumitri - son of Sumitrā, Lakṣmaṇa

Patronymic from Sumitrā.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Imperfect (Laṅ) of brū

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice of √brū (class 2).

Root: brū (class 2)

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