वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-43, verse-28

उपशृण्वन्तु मे सर्वे साक्षिभूता वनेचराः ।
न्यायवादी यथा वाक्यमुक्तो ऽहं परुषं त्वया ॥२८॥

28. upaśṛṇvantu me sarve sākṣibhūtā vanecarāḥ ,
nyāyavādī yathā vākyamukto'haṃ paruṣaṃ tvayā.

28. upaśṛṇvantu me sarve sākṣibhūtā vanecarāḥ
nyāyavādī yathā vākyam uktaḥ aham paruṣam tvayā

28. sarve sākṣibhūtāḥ vanecarāḥ me upaśṛṇvantu,
yathā nyāyavādī aham tvayā paruṣam vākyam uktaḥ

28. Let all you forest-dwellers, who are now my witnesses, listen to me! You have spoken harsh words to me, who am a speaker of justice.

Words meanings summery:

• उपशृण्वन्तु (upaśṛṇvantu) - let them listen, listen to

• मे (me) - to me, for me

• सर्वे (sarve) - all

• साक्षिभूताः (sākṣibhūtāḥ) - being witnesses, having become witnesses

• वनेचराः (vanecarāḥ) - forest-dwellers

• न्यायवादी (nyāyavādī) - speaker of justice, one who speaks justly

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in the manner that

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, sentence

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - said, spoken, addressed

• अहम् (aham) - I

• परुषम् (paruṣam) - harsh, rough, cruel

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

Words meanings and morphology

उपशृण्वन्तु (upaśṛṇvantu) - let them listen, listen to

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of upaśṛṇu

imperative

3rd person plural, active voice

Prefix: upa

Root: śru (class 5)

मे (me) - to me, for me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Can also be genitive. In this context, it implies 'to me'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, whole, every

साक्षिभूताः (sākṣibhūtāḥ) - being witnesses, having become witnesses

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sākṣibhūta

sākṣibhūta - one who has become a witness, being a witness

Compound formed from sākṣin (witness) and bhūta (become, being).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sākṣin+bhūta)

• sākṣin – witness, eye-witness
  noun (masculine)
• bhūta – become, being, past
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root bhū (to be, to become)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

वनेचराः (vanecarāḥ) - forest-dwellers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vanecara

vanecara - forest-dweller, inhabitant of the forest

Compound of vana (forest) and cara (moving, dwelling).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+cara)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• cara – moving, going, dweller
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root car (to move, to wander)
  Root: car (class 1)

न्यायवादी (nyāyavādī) - speaker of justice, one who speaks justly

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nyāyavādin

nyāyavādin - speaker of justice, one who declares what is right

Compound of nyāya (justice) and vādin (speaking, speaker).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nyāya+vādin)

• nyāya – justice, rule, method, right
  noun (masculine)
• vādin – speaking, speaker, asserting
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root vad (to speak)
  Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Refers to the speaker of the verse.

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in the manner that

(indeclinable)

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, sentence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence, utterance

Root: vac (class 2)

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - said, spoken, addressed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, uttered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vac (to speak). Irregular formation.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'aham'.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I

परुषम् (paruṣam) - harsh, rough, cruel

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, severe, cruel

Note: Agrees with 'vākyam'.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of tvam

tvam - you

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