वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-9, verse-7

कथय त्वं ममोपायं केनोपायेन मन्थरे ।
भरतः प्राप्नुयाद् राज्यं न तु रामः कथं चन ॥७॥

7. kathaya tvaṃ mamopāyaṃ kenopāyena manthare ,
bharataḥ prāpnuyād rājyaṃ na tu rāmaḥ kathaṃ cana.

7. kathaya tvam mama upāyam kena upāyena manthare
bharataḥ prāpnuyāt rājyam na tu rāmaḥ katham cana

7. manthare tvam mama kena upāyena upāyam kathaya yena
bharataḥ rājyam prāpnuyāt tu rāmaḥ katham cana na prāpnuyāt

7. O Mantharā, tell me the means by which Bharata may obtain the kingdom, and by no means Rāma.

Words meanings summery:

• कथय (kathaya) - tell, relate, speak

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• मम (mama) - to me, for me, my

• उपायम् (upāyam) - means, method, plan

• केन (kena) - by which, by whom

• उपायेन (upāyena) - by means, by a method

• मन्थरे (manthare) - O Mantharā

• भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata (proper name)

• प्राप्नुयात् (prāpnuyāt) - may obtain, should obtain, may reach

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, reign, sovereignty

• न (na) - not, no

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma (proper name)

• कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what manner

• चन (cana) - (particle) any, even, whatsoever

Words meanings and morphology

कथय (kathaya) - tell, relate, speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of kath

Imperative Active

Causal (10th class) root.

Root: kath (class 10)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of tvam

tvam - you

Personal pronoun, 2nd person.

Note: Subject of 'kathaya'.

मम (mama) - to me, for me, my

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

Personal pronoun, 1st person.

Note: Can also be dative singular. Context implies 'to me' or 'my'.

उपायम् (upāyam) - means, method, plan

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upāya

upāya - approach, means, expedient, method, stratagem, resource

Derived from upa-i (to go near).

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Object of 'kathaya'.

केन (kena) - by which, by whom

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun.

Note: Agrees with 'upāyena'.

उपायेन (upāyena) - by means, by a method

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of upāya

upāya - approach, means, expedient, method, stratagem, resource

Derived from upa-i (to go near).

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

मन्थरे (manthare) - O Mantharā

(proper noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of mantharā

mantharā - Manthara (proper noun), churning stick (general meaning)

Feminine noun.

Note: Addressed directly.

भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (proper noun), supported, borne, maintained, an actor

Masculine noun.

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Subject of 'prāpnuyāt'.

प्राप्नुयात् (prāpnuyāt) - may obtain, should obtain, may reach

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of prāp

Optative Active

Derived from root āp (to obtain) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, reign, sovereignty

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, realm, sovereignty, rule

Derived from rājan (king).

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Object of 'prāpnuyāt'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Particle.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (proper noun), pleasing, charming, black, dark

Masculine noun.

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Refers to Prince Rāma.

कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

Note: Used with 'cana' for emphasis on negation.

चन (cana) - (particle) any, even, whatsoever

(indeclinable)

Enclitic particle.

Note: Used with 'katham' and 'na' to mean "by no means".

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