वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-9, verse-46

अथैतदुक्त्वा वचनं सुदारुणं निधाय सर्वाभरणानि भामिनी ।
असंवृतामास्तरणेन मेदिनीं तदाधिशिश्ये पतितेव किन्नरी ॥४६॥

46. athaitaduktvā vacanaṃ sudāruṇaṃ nidhāya sarvābharaṇāni bhāminī ,
asaṃvṛtāmāstaraṇena medinīṃ tadādhiśiśye patiteva kinnarī.

46. atha etat uktvā vacanam sudāruṇam
nidhāya sarvābharaṇāni bhāminī
asaṃvṛtām āstaraṇena medinīm
tadā adhiśiśye patitā iva kinnarī

46. atha bhāminī etat sudāruṇam
vacanam uktvā sarvābharaṇāni nidhāya
āstaraṇena asaṃvṛtām medinīm
tadā patitā kinnarī iva adhiśiśye

46. After speaking these exceedingly harsh words and removing all her ornaments, the beautiful Kaikeyi then lay down on the ground, uncovered by any bedspread, like a fallen Kinnari.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (indicating sequence) (then, next, now)

• एतत् (etat) - this (referring to the speech) (this)

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken

• वचनम् (vacanam) - words, speech (speech, word, utterance)

• सुदारुणम् (sudāruṇam) - very harsh (modifying 'words') (very harsh, extremely cruel, terrible)

• निधाय (nidhāya) - having cast aside (her ornaments) (having laid down, having placed, having cast aside)

• सर्वाभरणानि (sarvābharaṇāni) - all (her) ornaments (all ornaments)

• भामिनी (bhāminī) - the beautiful (or angry) woman (Kaikeyi) (an angry woman, a beautiful woman, a passionate woman)

• असंवृताम् (asaṁvṛtām) - uncovered, bare (ground) (uncovered, unprotected, bare)

• आस्तरणेन (āstaraṇena) - by any bedspread (by a covering, by a bedspread)

• मेदिनीम् (medinīm) - the ground (the earth, ground)

• तदा (tadā) - then (at that moment) (then, at that time)

• अधिशिश्ये (adhiśiśye) - she lay down upon (she lay down upon, she rested on)

• पतिता (patitā) - fallen (feminine nominative singular, describing Kaikeyi) (fallen, dropped, degraded)

• इव (iva) - as if (like, as, as if)

• किन्नरी (kinnarī) - a Kinnari (a Kinnari (a mythical celestial female being))

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (indicating sequence) (then, next, now)

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this (referring to the speech) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that, such

Note: Refers to the 'harsh words' (vacanam sudāruṇam).

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root vac (to speak) with suffix -ktvā, with irregular vriddhi and guna changes.

Root: vac (class 2)

वचनम् (vacanam) - words, speech (speech, word, utterance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speech, word, utterance, saying

Derived from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

सुदारुणम् (sudāruṇam) - very harsh (modifying 'words') (very harsh, extremely cruel, terrible)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sudāruṇa

sudāruṇa - very harsh, exceedingly cruel, terrible, dreadful

Compound of 'su' (very, intensely) and 'dāruṇa' (harsh, cruel).

Compound type : karma-dhāraya (su+dāruṇa)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
• dāruṇa – harsh, cruel, severe, dreadful
  adjective

Note: Agrees with 'vacanam'.

निधाय (nidhāya) - having cast aside (her ornaments) (having laid down, having placed, having cast aside)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root dhā (to place, put) with prefix 'ni' and suffix -ya (l-yap form for absolutives with prefixes).

Prefix: ni

Root: dhā (class 3)

सर्वाभरणानि (sarvābharaṇāni) - all (her) ornaments (all ornaments)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of sarvābharaṇa

sarvābharaṇa - all ornaments, every adornment

Compound of 'sarva' (all) and 'ābharaṇa' (ornament).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+ābharaṇa)

• sarva – all, whole, every
  adjective
• ābharaṇa – ornament, decoration, jewellery
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root bhṛ (to bear, carry) with prefix 'ā'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)

भामिनी (bhāminī) - the beautiful (or angry) woman (Kaikeyi) (an angry woman, a beautiful woman, a passionate woman)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhāminī

bhāminī - a passionate woman, an angry woman, a beautiful woman

Feminine form of bhāmin.

Note: Refers to Kaikeyi.

असंवृताम् (asaṁvṛtām) - uncovered, bare (ground) (uncovered, unprotected, bare)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of asaṃvṛta

asaṁvṛta - uncovered, unprotected, bare, not hidden

Past Passive Participle (negated)

Compound of 'a' (negation) and 'saṃvṛta' (covered, protected). 'Saṃvṛta' is from root vṛ (to cover) with prefix 'sam'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+saṃvṛta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• saṃvṛta – covered, concealed, protected
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vṛ (to cover) with prefix sam.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'medinīm'.

आस्तरणेन (āstaraṇena) - by any bedspread (by a covering, by a bedspread)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of āstaraṇa

āstaraṇa - covering, bedspread, cushion, carpet

Derived from root stṛ (to spread) with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: stṛ (class 5)

Note: Used with 'asaṃvṛtām' indicating what she was not covered by.

मेदिनीम् (medinīm) - the ground (the earth, ground)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of medinī

medinī - the earth, soil, ground

Note: Object of the verb 'adhiśiśye'.

तदा (tadā) - then (at that moment) (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'tad' (that) with suffix 'dā'.

अधिशिश्ये (adhiśiśye) - she lay down upon (she lay down upon, she rested on)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of adhiśī

Root śī (to lie, sleep) with prefix 'adhi'.

Prefix: adhi

Root: śī (class 2)

पतिता (patitā) - fallen (feminine nominative singular, describing Kaikeyi) (fallen, dropped, degraded)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, dropped, descended, degraded

Past Passive Participle

From root pat (to fall).

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'bhāminī'.

इव (iva) - as if (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

किन्नरी (kinnarī) - a Kinnari (a Kinnari (a mythical celestial female being))

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kinnarī

kinnarī - a mythical female celestial musician or dancer (half-human, half-bird/horse)

Feminine form of kinnara.

Note: Used in comparison to describe Kaikeyi's state.

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