वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-9, verse-23

रामं प्रव्राजयारण्ये नव वर्षाणि पञ्च च ।
भरतः क्रियतां राजा पृथिव्यां पार्थिवर्षभः ॥२३॥

23. rāmaṃ pravrājayāraṇye nava varṣāṇi pañca ca ,
bharataḥ kriyatāṃ rājā pṛthivyāṃ pārthivarṣabhaḥ.

23. rāmam pravrājaya araṇye nava varṣāṇi pañca ca
bharataḥ kriyatām rājā pṛthivyām pārthivarṣabhaḥ

23. (tvam) rāmam nava ca pañca varṣāṇi araṇye pravrājaya.
pārthivarṣabhaḥ bharataḥ pṛthivyām rājā kriyatām.

23. Send Rāma into exile in the forest for nine and five years. Let Bharata, the best of rulers, be made king on the earth.

Words meanings summery:

• रामम् (rāmam) - Rāma (Rama (accusative))

• प्रव्राजय (pravrājaya) - send into exile (send forth, banish, cause to wander)

• अरण्ये (araṇye) - in the forest (in the forest, in the wilderness)

• नव (nava) - nine (nine, new)

• वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years (years, rains)

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata (Bharata (proper noun), supported, nourished)

• क्रियताम् (kriyatām) - let him be made (let it be done, let him be made)

• राजा (rājā) - king (king, ruler)

• पृथिव्याम् (pṛthivyām) - on the earth (on the earth, in the world)

• पार्थिवर्षभः (pārthivarṣabhaḥ) - best of rulers (best of kings, chief of rulers)

Words meanings and morphology

रामम् (rāmam) - Rāma (Rama (accusative))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - pleasure, delight, charming, a name of Vishnu's seventh avatar

Root: ram (class 1)

प्रव्राजय (pravrājaya) - send into exile (send forth, banish, cause to wander)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of pravrājaya

Imperative mood, 2nd person singular, Causal

From root vrāj (to go, wander) with pra prefix, causal formation.

Prefix: pra

Root: vrāj (class 1)

अरण्ये (araṇye) - in the forest (in the forest, in the wilderness)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of araṇya

araṇya - forest, wilderness, distant place

नव (nava) - nine (nine, new)

(numeral)

Note: Declines like an adjective for the numeral 'nine'.

वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years (years, rains)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain, monsoon

From vṛṣ (to rain)

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Expresses duration.

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with varṣāṇi.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata (Bharata (proper noun), supported, nourished)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (name of Rama's brother), one who is to be maintained/supported, an actor

From root bhṛ (to bear, carry, support)

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

क्रियताम् (kriyatām) - let him be made (let it be done, let him be made)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of kṛ

Imperative mood, 3rd person singular, Passive

Root kṛ, Atmanepada, class 8 (often 5 in passive)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: The form kriyatām is specifically for passive voice imperative.

राजा (rājā) - king (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

n-stem masculine noun

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Acts as a predicate nominative with kriyatām.

पृथिव्याम् (pṛthivyām) - on the earth (on the earth, in the world)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, the world, land

i-stem feminine noun.

Root: pṛth

पार्थिवर्षभः (pārthivarṣabhaḥ) - best of rulers (best of kings, chief of rulers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārthivarṣabha

pārthivarṣabha - best of kings, chief of rulers, lord of the earth

Tatpurusha compound: pārthiva (king, ruler) + ṛṣabha (bull, excellent one)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pārthiva+ṛṣabha)

• pārthiva – belonging to the earth, earthly, a king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  From pṛthivī (earth) + aṇ suffix
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best, excellent one
  noun (masculine)

Note: In apposition to bharataḥ.

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