वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-9, verse-11

स शम्बर इति ख्यातः शतमायो महासुरः ।
ददौ शक्रस्य संग्रामं देवसंघैरनिर्जितः ॥११॥

11. sa śambara iti khyātaḥ śatamāyo mahāsuraḥ ,
dadau śakrasya saṃgrāmaṃ devasaṃghairanirjitaḥ.

11. saḥ śambaraḥ iti khyātaḥ śatamāyaḥ mahāsuraḥ
dadau śakrasya saṅgrāmam devasaṅghaiḥ anirjitaḥ

11. saḥ śambaraḥ iti khyātaḥ śatamāyaḥ mahāsuraḥ
devasaṅghaiḥ anirjitaḥ śakrasya saṅgrāmam dadau

11. That great demon (asura), known as Śambara, who possessed a hundred magical illusions (māyā), was undefeated even by the hosts of gods, and he challenged Indra to battle.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• शम्बरः (śambaraḥ) - Śambara

• इति (iti) - indicating a name or title (thus, so)

• ख्यातः (khyātaḥ) - known, famous

• शतमायः (śatamāyaḥ) - possessing a hundred magical illusions (having a hundred illusions or tricks)

• महासुरः (mahāsuraḥ) - great demon

• ददौ (dadau) - challenged to (battle) (gave, offered)

• शक्रस्य (śakrasya) - to Indra (of Śakra, to Śakra)

• सङ्ग्रामम् (saṅgrāmam) - battle, war

• देवसङ्घैः (devasaṅghaiḥ) - by hosts of gods

• अनिर्जितः (anirjitaḥ) - unconquered, undefeated

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

शम्बरः (śambaraḥ) - Śambara

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śambara

śambara - Śambara (name of a powerful demon)

इति (iti) - indicating a name or title (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

ख्यातः (khyātaḥ) - known, famous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khyāta

khyāta - known, famous, celebrated, called

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of the root khyā (to be known, to tell).

Root: khyā (class 2)

शतमायः (śatamāyaḥ) - possessing a hundred magical illusions (having a hundred illusions or tricks)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śatamāya

śatamāya - having a hundred illusions or magical powers

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śata+māyā)

• śata – hundred
  numeral adjective (neuter)
• māyā – illusion, magic, trick, supernatural power, cosmic illusion (māyā)
  noun (feminine)

महासुरः (mahāsuraḥ) - great demon

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāsura

mahāsura - great demon

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+asura)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• asura – demon, evil spirit, opponent of the gods
  noun (masculine)

ददौ (dadau) - challenged to (battle) (gave, offered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of dā

Perfect tense form (lit) of the root dā.

Root: dā (class 3)

शक्रस्य (śakrasya) - to Indra (of Śakra, to Śakra)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Śakra (an epithet of Indra, the king of gods)

Note: Used here in the sense of 'to Śakra' (dative function).

सङ्ग्रामम् (saṅgrāmam) - battle, war

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṅgrāma

saṅgrāma - battle, war, conflict, fight

देवसङ्घैः (devasaṅghaiḥ) - by hosts of gods

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of devasaṅgha

devasaṅgha - multitude of gods, host of gods

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+saṅgha)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• saṅgha – multitude, host, assembly, community
  noun (masculine)

अनिर्जितः (anirjitaḥ) - unconquered, undefeated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anirjita

anirjita - unconquered, undefeated

Past Passive Participle

Negated Past Passive Participle of the root ji (to conquer) with upasarga nir.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+nirjita)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• nirjita – conquered, defeated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of the root ji (to conquer) with upasarga nir.
  Prefix: nir
  Root: ji (class 1)

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