वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-85, verse-8

ते वृक्षानुदकं भूमिमाश्रमेषूटजांस्तथा ।
न हिंस्युरिति तेनाहमेक एवागतस्ततः ॥८॥

8. te vṛkṣānudakaṃ bhūmimāśrameṣūṭajāṃstathā ,
na hiṃsyuriti tenāhameka evāgatastataḥ.

8. te vṛkṣān udakam bhūmim āśrameṣu uṭajān tathā
na hiṃsyuḥ iti tena aham ekaḥ eva āgataḥ tataḥ

8. te vṛkṣān udakam bhūmim tathā āśrameṣu uṭajān na hiṃsyuḥ iti,
tena tataḥ ekaḥ eva aham āgataḥ.

8. So that they (my army) might not harm the trees, water, land, and also the huts (uṭaja) within the hermitages (āśrama), for that reason I have come here alone.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they (the horses, men, elephants mentioned in previous verse) (they, those)

• वृक्षान् (vṛkṣān) - trees

• उदकम् (udakam) - water

• भूमिम् (bhūmim) - earth, ground, land

• आश्रमेषु (āśrameṣu) - in the hermitages, in the āśramas

• उटजान् (uṭajān) - huts, cottages

• तथा (tathā) - and (thus, also, and)

• न (na) - not, no

• हिंस्युः (hiṁsyuḥ) - they might harm (preventive action) (they might harm, they should harm)

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating purpose/reason

• तेन (tena) - therefore (by that, therefore)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• एकः (ekaḥ) - one, alone

• एव (eva) - only (only, just, indeed)

• आगतः (āgataḥ) - come, arrived

• ततः (tataḥ) - therefore (from there, then, therefore)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they (the horses, men, elephants mentioned in previous verse) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the army components (horses, men, elephants).

वृक्षान् (vṛkṣān) - trees

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vṛkṣa

vṛkṣa - tree

Note: Object of 'hiṃsyuḥ'.

उदकम् (udakam) - water

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of udaka

udaka - water

Note: Object of 'hiṃsyuḥ'.

भूमिम् (bhūmim) - earth, ground, land

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land, soil

Note: Object of 'hiṃsyuḥ'.

आश्रमेषु (āśrameṣu) - in the hermitages, in the āśramas

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of āśrama

āśrama - hermitage, monastic retreat, a stage of life (āśrama)

Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Location for huts.

उटजान् (uṭajān) - huts, cottages

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of uṭaja

uṭaja - hut, cottage (made of leaves, grass etc.), hermitage

Note: Object of 'hiṃsyuḥ'.

तथा (tathā) - and (thus, also, and)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'uṭajān' to the list of objects.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हिंस्युः (hiṁsyuḥ) - they might harm (preventive action) (they might harm, they should harm)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of hiṃs

optative active

3rd person plural optative active

Root: hiṃs (class 7)

Note: Used with 'na' to express a negative purpose/precaution.

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating purpose/reason

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates the preceding clause as a reason.

तेन (tena) - therefore (by that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used adverbially here, meaning 'for that reason'.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, my (first person pronoun)

Note: Subject of 'āgataḥ'.

एकः (ekaḥ) - one, alone

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies 'aham'.

एव (eva) - only (only, just, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'ekaḥ'.

आगतः (āgataḥ) - come, arrived

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, approached

Past Passive Participle

root gam + ā (prefix) + kta

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'aham'.

ततः (tataḥ) - therefore (from there, then, therefore)

(indeclinable)

Note: Reinforces 'tena'.

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