वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-85, verse-61

नाशुक्लवासास्तत्रासीत् क्षुधितो मलिनो ऽपि वा ।
रजसा ध्वस्तकेशो वा नरः कश्चिददृश्यत ॥६१॥

61. nāśuklavāsāstatrāsīt kṣudhito malino'pi vā ,
rajasā dhvastakeśo vā naraḥ kaścidadṛśyata.

61. na aśuklavāsāḥ tatra āsīt kṣudhitaḥ malinaḥ api
vā rajasā dhvastakeśaḥ vā naraḥ kaścit adṛśyata

61. tatra kaścit naraḥ na adṛśyata aśuklavāsāḥ vā
kṣudhitaḥ vā malinaḥ vā rajasā dhvastakeśaḥ vā

61. No one there was seen wearing unclean garments, nor was anyone hungry, dirty, or with hair dishevelled by dust.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• अशुक्लवासाः (aśuklavāsāḥ) - one with unclean clothes, wearing dirty garments

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

• क्षुधितः (kṣudhitaḥ) - hungry, famished

• मलिनः (malinaḥ) - dirty, unclean, soiled

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• वा (vā) - or, either

• रजसा (rajasā) - by dust, by dirt

• ध्वस्तकेशः (dhvastakeśaḥ) - one with dishevelled hair, hair messed up

• वा (vā) - or, either

• नरः (naraḥ) - man, person

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - someone, anyone, a certain

• अदृश्यत (adṛśyata) - was seen, appeared

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

अशुक्लवासाः (aśuklavāsāḥ) - one with unclean clothes, wearing dirty garments

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśuklavāsas

aśuklavāsas - wearing dirty clothes, not wearing clean clothes

Compound of 'aśukla' (not white/clean) and 'vāsas' (garment). Refers to one who wears such clothes.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (aśukla+vāsas)

• aśukla – not white, unclean, dark
  adjective
  Negative prefix 'a-' + 'śukla'.
  Prefix: a
• vāsas – garment, clothing, apparel
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'naraḥ'.

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

From 'tad' (that) + suffix 'tral'.

आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect Active 3rd Singular

Root 'as' (to be), Lang laṅ, 3rd person singular.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Predicate verb, negated by 'na'.

क्षुधितः (kṣudhitaḥ) - hungry, famished

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣudhita

kṣudhita - hungry, famished

Past Passive Participle

From root 'kṣudh' (to be hungry) + 'ita' suffix.

Root: kṣudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'naraḥ'.

मलिनः (malinaḥ) - dirty, unclean, soiled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of malina

malina - dirty, unclean, impure, stained

From 'mala' (dirt) + suffix 'ina'.

Note: Qualifies 'naraḥ'.

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Serves to emphasize or connect the following 'vā'.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'kṣudhitaḥ' and 'malinaḥ' and also the previous clause implicitly.

रजसा (rajasā) - by dust, by dirt

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, dirt, pollen, gloom, menstrual fluid, passion (guṇa)

Note: Indicates the cause or agent for 'dhvastakeśaḥ'.

ध्वस्तकेशः (dhvastakeśaḥ) - one with dishevelled hair, hair messed up

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhvastakeśa

dhvastakeśa - having dishevelled hair, hair messed up

Compound of 'dhvasta' (scattered, destroyed) and 'keśa' (hair).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhvasta+keśa)

• dhvasta – scattered, destroyed, fallen, ruined
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'dhvaṃs' (to fall, scatter) + 'ta' suffix.
  Root: dhvaṃs (class 1)
• keśa – hair, mane
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'naraḥ'.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects different conditions.

नरः (naraḥ) - man, person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, male, human being

Root: nṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'adṛśyata'.

कश्चित् (kaścit) - someone, anyone, a certain

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - someone, anyone, a certain, some

Compound of 'kim' (what/who) + 'cid' (an emphatic particle).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (kim+cid)

• kim – what, who, which
  pronoun
• cid – a particle indicating indefiniteness, a little, perhaps
  indeclinable

Note: Modifies 'naraḥ'.

अदृश्यत (adṛśyata) - was seen, appeared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect Passive 3rd Singular

Root 'dṛś' (to see), Lang laṅ, 3rd person singular, passive voice, with augment 'a-'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The main verb of the second half of the verse.

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