वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-17, verse-4

प्रणम्य रामस्तान् वृद्धांस्तृतीयायां ददर्श सः ।
स्त्रियो वृद्धाश्च बालाश्च द्वाररक्षणतत्पराः ॥४॥

4. praṇamya rāmastān vṛddhāṃstṛtīyāyāṃ dadarśa saḥ ,
striyo vṛddhāśca bālāśca dvārarakṣaṇatatparāḥ.

4. praṇamya rāmaḥ tān vṛddhān tṛtīyāyām dadarśa saḥ
striyaḥ vṛddhāḥ ca bālāḥ ca dvārarakṣaṇatatparāḥ

4. rāmaḥ tān vṛddhān praṇamya saḥ tṛtīyāyām
dvārarakṣaṇatatparāḥ striyaḥ vṛddhāḥ ca bālāḥ ca dadarśa

4. Having bowed to those old men (the Brahmins), Rama then saw in the third chamber both aged (vṛddhāḥ) women and young women (bālāḥ) who were devoted to guarding the entrance.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रणम्य (praṇamya) - having bowed, having saluted

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (proper name)

• तान् (tān) - those old Brahmins from the previous verse (those)

• वृद्धान् (vṛddhān) - the old Brahmins from the previous verse (old ones, aged ones)

• तृतीयायाम् (tṛtīyāyām) - in the third

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw, beheld

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women

• वृद्धाः (vṛddhāḥ) - old, aged

• च (ca) - and, also

• बालाः (bālāḥ) - young women, girls, children

• च (ca) - and, also

• द्वाररक्षणतत्पराः (dvārarakṣaṇatatparāḥ) - intent on guarding the door, devoted to guarding the entrance

Words meanings and morphology

प्रणम्य (praṇamya) - having bowed, having saluted

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Absolutive (gerund) of root 'nam' (to bow) with prefix 'pra'. The 'ṇ' is due to internal sandhi after 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: nam (class 1)

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama, pleasure, charm

तान् (tān) - those old Brahmins from the previous verse (those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

वृद्धान् (vṛddhān) - the old Brahmins from the previous verse (old ones, aged ones)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root 'vṛdh' (to grow). Here functioning as a substantive.

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

तृतीयायाम् (tṛtīyāyām) - in the third

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of tṛtīyā

tṛtīya - third, a third part

ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw, beheld

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of dṛś

Perfect Active

Perfect 3rd person singular Parasmaipada of root 'dṛś' (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of strī

strī - woman, female, wife

वृद्धाः (vṛddhāḥ) - old, aged

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root 'vṛdh' (to grow). Feminine nominative plural.

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

बालाः (bālāḥ) - young women, girls, children

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of bālā

bāla - young, child, girl, immature

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

द्वाररक्षणतत्पराः (dvārarakṣaṇatatparāḥ) - intent on guarding the door, devoted to guarding the entrance

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of dvārarakṣaṇatatparā

dvārarakṣaṇatatparā - intent on guarding the door, devoted to guarding the entrance

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvāra+rakṣaṇa+tatpara)

• dvāra – door, gate, entrance
  noun (neuter)
• rakṣaṇa – guarding, protecting, preservation
  noun (neuter)
  verbal noun
  Derived from root 'rakṣ' (to protect) with suffix '-ana'.
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)
• tatpara – intent on, devoted to, absorbed in
  adjective (feminine)

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