वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-17, verse-10

तमुवाच दुराधर्षं राघवं सुतमात्मनः ।
कौसल्या पुत्रवात्सल्यादिदं प्रियहितं वचः ॥१०॥

10. tamuvāca durādharṣaṃ rāghavaṃ sutamātmanaḥ ,
kausalyā putravātsalyādidaṃ priyahitaṃ vacaḥ.

10. tam uvāca durādharṣam rāghavam sutam ātmanaḥ
kausalyā putravātsalyāt idam priyahitam vacaḥ

10. kausalyā putravātsalyāt ātmanaḥ durādharṣam
sutam rāghavam tam idam priyahitam vacaḥ uvāca

10. Kaushalya, out of motherly affection for her son, spoke these pleasing and beneficial words to her formidable son (Raghava).

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - to him (Rama) (him, that (masculine))

• उवाच (uvāca) - she spoke (spoke, said, told)

• दुराधर्षम् (durādharṣam) - formidable (unassailable, formidable, difficult to overcome)

• राघवम् (rāghavam) - Raghava (Rama) (descendant of Raghu, Rama)

• सुतम् (sutam) - her son (son, offspring)

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - her own (son) (of oneself, one's own, of the (ātman))

• कौसल्या (kausalyā) - Kaushalya (Kaushalya (mother of Rama))

• पुत्रवात्सल्यात् (putravātsalyāt) - out of motherly affection for her son (from son-affection, out of love for a son)

• इदम् (idam) - this

• प्रियहितम् (priyahitam) - pleasing and beneficial (pleasing and beneficial, agreeable and good)

• वचः (vacaḥ) - words (word, speech, saying, declaration)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - to him (Rama) (him, that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उवाच (uvāca) - she spoke (spoke, said, told)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

दुराधर्षम् (durādharṣam) - formidable (unassailable, formidable, difficult to overcome)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of durādharṣa

durādharṣa - unassailable, formidable, invincible

Compound type : tatpurusha (dus+ādharṣa)

• dus – bad, ill, difficult, hard
  indeclinable
• ādharṣa – attacking, assailing, assaulting (from dhṛṣ - to dare, to assault)
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

राघवम् (rāghavam) - Raghava (Rama) (descendant of Raghu, Rama)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, name of Rama

सुतम् (sutam) - her son (son, offspring)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, born, produced

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - her own (son) (of oneself, one's own, of the (ātman))

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, vital breath

कौसल्या (kausalyā) - Kaushalya (Kaushalya (mother of Rama))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kausalyā

kausalyā - name of Rama's mother

पुत्रवात्सल्यात् (putravātsalyāt) - out of motherly affection for her son (from son-affection, out of love for a son)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of putravātsalya

putravātsalya - affection for a son, parental love for offspring

Compound type : tatpurusha (putra+vātsalya)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• vātsalya – affection, tenderness, fondness (especially parental)
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from vatsala (affectionate)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

प्रियहितम् (priyahitam) - pleasing and beneficial (pleasing and beneficial, agreeable and good)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of priyahita

priyahita - pleasing and beneficial, agreeable and good

Compound type : dvandva (priya+hita)

• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing, agreeable
  adjective
• hita – beneficial, good, salutary, placed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhā (to place), with irregular formation
  Root: dhā (class 3)

वचः (vacaḥ) - words (word, speech, saying, declaration)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying, declaration

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