वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-56, verse-4

पूर्णे वर्षसहस्रे तु ब्रह्मा लोकपितामहः ।
अब्रवीन्मधुरं वाक्यं विश्वामित्रं तपोधनम् ॥४॥

4. pūrṇe varṣasahasre tu brahmā lokapitāmahaḥ ,
abravīnmadhuraṃ vākyaṃ viśvāmitraṃ tapodhanam.

4. pūrṇe varṣasahasre tu brahmā lokapitāmahaḥ
abravīt madhuram vākyam viśvāmitram tapodhanam

4. pūrṇe varṣasahasre tu lokapitāmahaḥ brahmā
tapodhanam viśvāmitram madhuram vākyam abravīt

4. Indeed, when a full thousand years had passed, Brahmā, the grandfather of the worlds and the supreme lord of the beings, spoke gentle words to Viśvāmitra, whose wealth was his ascetic practice (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• पूर्णे (pūrṇe) - when a full (thousand years had passed) (complete, full, finished)

• वर्षसहस्रे (varṣasahasre) - in a thousand years, during a millennium

• तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the completion of the long period) (but, indeed, however, moreover)

• ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - Brahmā (the creator deity)

• लोकपितामहः (lokapitāmahaḥ) - an epithet for Brahmā (grandfather of the worlds)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said, he declared

• मधुरम् (madhuram) - gentle, pleasing (sweet, pleasant, gentle, charming)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words, statement (word, speech, sentence, statement)

• विश्वामित्रम् (viśvāmitram) - Viśvāmitra (a proper name)

• तपोधनम् (tapodhanam) - whose wealth was his ascetic practice (tapas) (whose wealth is asceticism, rich in penance)

Words meanings and morphology

पूर्णे (pūrṇe) - when a full (thousand years had passed) (complete, full, finished)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of pūrṇa

pūrṇa - full, complete, entire, filled, perfect

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √pṝ (to fill) with the past passive participle suffix -kta.

Root: pṝ (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'varṣasahasre'.

वर्षसहस्रे (varṣasahasre) - in a thousand years, during a millennium

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of varṣasahasra

varṣasahasra - a thousand years, a millennium

Compound type : karmadhāraya (varṣa+sahasra)

• varṣa – year, rain, rainy season
  noun (neuter)
  From root √vṛṣ (to rain).
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates the time when the action occurred.

तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the completion of the long period) (but, indeed, however, moreover)

(indeclinable)

ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - Brahmā (the creator deity)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahmā (the deity), sacred word, prayer, the Absolute (brahman)

Masculine form of 'brahman' when referring to the deity.

Root: bṛh (class 1)

लोकपितामहः (lokapitāmahaḥ) - an epithet for Brahmā (grandfather of the worlds)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lokapitāmaha

lokapitāmaha - grandfather of the worlds, progenitor of beings, an epithet for Brahmā

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (loka+pitāmaha)

• loka – world, realm, people, space
  noun (masculine)
  From root √lok (to see, to perceive).
  Root: lok (class 1)
• pitāmaha – paternal grandfather, great ancestor
  noun (masculine)

Note: In apposition to 'brahmā'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said, he declared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Active 3rd Singular

Past tense form of the root √brū (class 2) meaning 'to speak'.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Main verb, subject is 'brahmā'.

मधुरम् (madhuram) - gentle, pleasing (sweet, pleasant, gentle, charming)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of madhura

madhura - sweet, pleasant, charming, gentle, melodious

Note: Qualifies 'vākyam'.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words, statement (word, speech, sentence, statement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence, statement, dictum

Derived from 'vāc' (speech).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Direct object of 'abravīt'.

विश्वामित्रम् (viśvāmitram) - Viśvāmitra (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viśvāmitra

viśvāmitra - Viśvāmitra (a famous sage who was originally a kṣatriya king)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (viśva+mitra)

• viśva – all, whole, universal, cosmic
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
• mitra – friend, companion, ally, the sun-god Mitra
  noun (masculine)

तपोधनम् (tapodhanam) - whose wealth was his ascetic practice (tapas) (whose wealth is asceticism, rich in penance)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tapodhana

tapodhana - one whose wealth is asceticism/penance, rich in austerities

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tapas+dhana)

• tapas – asceticism, penance, heat, religious austerity, spiritual fervor
  noun (neuter)
  From the root √tap (to heat, to perform austerity).
  Root: tap (class 1)
• dhana – wealth, riches, property, treasure
  noun (neuter)
  From the root √dhā (to place, to hold).
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'viśvāmitram'.

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