वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-56, verse-2

स दक्षिणां दिशं गत्वा महिष्या सह राघव ।
तताप परमं घोरं विश्वामित्रो महातपाः ।
फलमूलाशनो दान्तश्चचार परमं तपः ॥२॥

2. sa dakṣiṇāṃ diśaṃ gatvā mahiṣyā saha rāghava ,
tatāpa paramaṃ ghoraṃ viśvāmitro mahātapāḥ ,
phalamūlāśano dāntaścacāra paramaṃ tapaḥ.

2. saḥ dakṣiṇām diśam gatvā mahiṣyā
saha rāghava tatāpa paramam ghoram
viśvāmitraḥ mahātapaḥ phalamūlāśanaḥ
dāntaḥ cacāra paramam tapaḥ

2. rāghava saḥ mahātapaḥ viśvāmitraḥ mahiṣyā saha dakṣiṇām diśam gatvā paramam ghoram tapaḥ tatāpa.
phalamūlāśanaḥ dāntaḥ ca paramam tapaḥ cacāra.

2. O Rāghava, that great ascetic (mahātapas) Viśvāmitra, having gone to the southern direction with his queen, undertook an extremely severe ascetic practice (tapas). Eating fruits and roots and being self-controlled, he practiced supreme penance (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• दक्षिणाम् (dakṣiṇām) - southern, to the south

• दिशम् (diśam) - direction

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

• महिष्या (mahiṣyā) - with the queen

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• राघव (rāghava) - O Rāma (O Rāghava (descendant of Raghu))

• तताप (tatāpa) - he undertook ascetic practice (he performed penance, he heated)

• परमम् (paramam) - extremely (supreme, highest, extreme)

• घोरम् (ghoram) - extremely severe (severe, terrible)

• विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - Viśvāmitra

• महातपः (mahātapaḥ) - great ascetic

• फलमूलाशनः (phalamūlāśanaḥ) - subsisting on fruits and roots

• दान्तः (dāntaḥ) - self-controlled, disciplined

• चचार (cacāra) - he practiced (penance) (he practiced, he wandered)

• परमम् (paramam) - supreme, highest

• तपः (tapaḥ) - supreme penance (tapas) (asceticism, penance)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he

दक्षिणाम् (dakṣiṇām) - southern, to the south

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dakṣiṇa

dakṣiṇa - southern, right, skillful

दिशम् (diśam) - direction

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of diś

diś - direction, quarter

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'gam' (to go) with suffix '-tvā'.

Root: gam (class 1)

महिष्या (mahiṣyā) - with the queen

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of mahiṣī

mahiṣī - queen, empress, buffalo cow

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

राघव (rāghava) - O Rāma (O Rāghava (descendant of Raghu))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu (epithet for Rama or Lakshmana)

तताप (tatāpa) - he undertook ascetic practice (he performed penance, he heated)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (liṭ) of tap

Root: tap (class 1)

परमम् (paramam) - extremely (supreme, highest, extreme)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, excellent

Note: Agrees with an implied 'tapas'.

घोरम् (ghoram) - extremely severe (severe, terrible)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, severe

Note: Agrees with an implied 'tapas'.

विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - Viśvāmitra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśvāmitra

viśvāmitra - friend of all (a sage's name)

महातपः (mahātapaḥ) - great ascetic

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātapas

mahātapas - great ascetic, one who performs great penance (tapas)

Compound type : Karmahāraya (mahat+tapas)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective
• tapas – asceticism, penance (tapas)
  noun (neuter)

फलमूलाशनः (phalamūlāśanaḥ) - subsisting on fruits and roots

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of phalamūlāśana

phalamūlāśana - one who eats fruits and roots

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (phala+mūla+āśana)

• phala – fruit, result
  noun (neuter)
• mūla – root, origin
  noun (neuter)
• āśana – eating, food
  noun (neuter)
  Root: aś (class 9)

दान्तः (dāntaḥ) - self-controlled, disciplined

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dānta

dānta - subdued, disciplined, self-controlled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'dam' (to tame, to control).

Root: dam (class 4)

चचार (cacāra) - he practiced (penance) (he practiced, he wandered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (liṭ) of car

Root: car (class 1)

परमम् (paramam) - supreme, highest

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, excellent

Note: Agrees with 'tapaḥ'.

तपः (tapaḥ) - supreme penance (tapas) (asceticism, penance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, spiritual fervor, asceticism, penance (tapas)

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