वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-56, verse-1

ततः संतप्तहृदयः स्मरन्निग्रहमात्मनः ।
विनिःश्वस्य विनिःश्वस्य कृतवैरो महात्मना ॥१॥

1. tataḥ saṃtaptahṛdayaḥ smarannigrahamātmanaḥ ,
viniḥśvasya viniḥśvasya kṛtavairo mahātmanā.

1. tataḥ santaptahṛdayaḥ smaran nigraham ātmanaḥ
viniḥśvasya viniḥśvasya kṛtavairaḥ mahātmanā

1. tataḥ santaptahṛdayaḥ ātmanaḥ nigraham smaran
viniḥśvasya viniḥśvasya mahātmanā kṛtavairaḥ

1. Then, with a distressed heart, remembering his own humiliation (nigraha), sighing repeatedly, he had formed an enmity with the great soul.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• सन्तप्तहृदयः (santaptahṛdayaḥ) - with a distressed heart

• स्मरन् (smaran) - remembering

• निग्रहम् (nigraham) - his own humiliation (nigraha) (humiliation, subjugation, defeat)

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of his own self (ātman) (of himself, of the self)

• विनिःश्वस्य (viniḥśvasya) - having sighed deeply, sighing

• विनिःश्वस्य (viniḥśvasya) - having sighed deeply, sighing

• कृतवैरः (kṛtavairaḥ) - having formed enmity, having made an enemy

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great soul (Vasishtha) (by the great soul)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

सन्तप्तहृदयः (santaptahṛdayaḥ) - with a distressed heart

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of santaptahṛdaya

santaptahṛdaya - one whose heart is distressed/agitated

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (santapta+hṛdaya)

• santapta – distressed, tormented, agitated
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'tap' (to heat, to torment) with prefix 'sam-'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: tap (class 1)
• hṛdaya – heart, mind
  noun (neuter)

स्मरन् (smaran) - remembering

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smarat

smarat - remembering, recollecting

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'smṛ' (to remember).

Root: smṛ (class 1)

निग्रहम् (nigraham) - his own humiliation (nigraha) (humiliation, subjugation, defeat)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nigraha

nigraha - seizing, subjugation, control, defeat, humiliation

Prefix: ni

Root: grah (class 9)

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of his own self (ātman) (of himself, of the self)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, individual (ātman)

विनिःश्वस्य (viniḥśvasya) - having sighed deeply, sighing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root 'śvas' (to breathe) with prefixes 'vi-' and 'niḥ-', and suffix '-ya'.

Prefixes: vi+niḥ

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: Repeated to emphasize continuous or repeated action.

विनिःश्वस्य (viniḥśvasya) - having sighed deeply, sighing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root 'śvas' (to breathe) with prefixes 'vi-' and 'niḥ-', and suffix '-ya'.

Prefixes: vi+niḥ

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: Repeated to emphasize continuous or repeated action.

कृतवैरः (kṛtavairaḥ) - having formed enmity, having made an enemy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtavaira

kṛtavaira - one who has created enmity, having an enemy

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (kṛta+vaira)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do, to make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• vaira – enmity, hostility
  noun (neuter)

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great soul (Vasishtha) (by the great soul)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great soul, magnanimous person

Compound type : Karmahāraya (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

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