वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-10, verse-23

ततः सुहृदमापृच्छ्य प्रस्थितो रघुनन्दनः ।
पौरेभ्यः प्रेषयामास दूतान् वै शीघ्रगामिनः ।
क्रियतां नगरं सर्वं क्षिप्रमेव स्वलंकृतम् ॥२३॥

23. tataḥ suhṛdamāpṛcchya prasthito raghunandanaḥ ,
paurebhyaḥ preṣayāmāsa dūtān vai śīghragāminaḥ ,
kriyatāṃ nagaraṃ sarvaṃ kṣiprameva svalaṃkṛtam.

23. tataḥ suhṛdam āpṛcchya prasthitaḥ
raghunandanaḥ paurebhyaḥ preṣayāmāsa
dūtān vai śīghragāminaḥ kriyatām
nagaram sarvam kṣipram eva svalamkṛtam

23. tataḥ raghunandanaḥ suhṛdam āpṛcchya
prasthitaḥ paurebhyaḥ vai śīghragāminaḥ
dūtān preṣayāmāsa sarvam
nagaram kṣipram eva svalamkṛtam kriyatām

23. Then, having taken leave of his friend, the descendant of Raghu (Raghunandana) departed. He sent swift messengers to the citizens, with the message: "Let the entire city be swiftly and well adorned."

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• सुहृदम् (suhṛdam) - King Lomapāda (a friend)

• आपृच्छ्य (āpṛcchya) - having taken leave of, having asked

• प्रस्थितः (prasthitaḥ) - departed, set out

• रघुनन्दनः (raghunandanaḥ) - Rama (descendant of Raghu (an epithet for Rama))

• पौरेभ्यः (paurebhyaḥ) - to the citizens

• प्रेषयामास (preṣayāmāsa) - he sent

• दूतान् (dūtān) - messengers

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• शीघ्रगामिनः (śīghragāminaḥ) - messengers who go swiftly (swift-going, quick-moving)

• क्रियताम् (kriyatām) - let the city be adorned (let it be done/made)

• नगरम् (nagaram) - city, town

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, entire

• क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• स्वलम्कृतम् (svalamkṛtam) - well-adorned, well-decorated

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

सुहृदम् (suhṛdam) - King Lomapāda (a friend)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suhṛd

suhṛd - friend, well-wisher, good-hearted

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+hṛd)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• hṛd – heart, mind, soul
  noun (neuter)

आपृच्छ्य (āpṛcchya) - having taken leave of, having asked

(indeclinable)

absolutive / gerund

Derived from root prach (to ask) with prefix ā- and suffix -ya (after prefix)

Prefix: ā

Root: prach (class 6)

प्रस्थितः (prasthitaḥ) - departed, set out

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prasthita

prasthita - departed, set out, gone forth

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā (to stand) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: sthā (class 1)

रघुनन्दनः (raghunandanaḥ) - Rama (descendant of Raghu (an epithet for Rama))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of raghunandana

raghunandana - descendant of Raghu, son of Raghu (an epithet of Rama)

Compound type : tatpurusha (raghu+nandana)

• raghu – Raghu (name of a king, ancestor of Rama)
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – son, delighting
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root nand
  Root: nand (class 1)

पौरेभ्यः (paurebhyaḥ) - to the citizens

(noun)

Dative, masculine, plural of paura

paura - citizen, townsman, inhabitant of a city

Derived from pura (city) with suffix -a

Note: Can also be ablative plural, but dative fits the context of 'sent to'.

प्रेषयामास (preṣayāmāsa) - he sent

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of preṣ

Causative of root iṣ with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: iṣ (class 4)

Note: Formed with `āmāsa` auxiliary verb construction for causative perfect.

दूतान् (dūtān) - messengers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dūta

dūta - messenger, envoy, ambassador

Past Passive Participle (from du 'to burn' with irregular meaning, or root dū 'to go')

Root: dū (class 1)

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

शीघ्रगामिनः (śīghragāminaḥ) - messengers who go swiftly (swift-going, quick-moving)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śīghragāmin

śīghragāmin - swift-going, quick-moving

Compound type : tatpurusha (śīghra+gāmin)

• śīghra – swift, quick, rapid
  adjective (masculine)
• gāmin – going, moving, leading to
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/present active participle derivative
  Derived from root gam (to go) with suffix -in
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies `dūtān`.

क्रियताम् (kriyatām) - let the city be adorned (let it be done/made)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (Loṭ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

नगरम् (nagaram) - city, town

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nagara

nagara - city, town

Note: Subject of the passive imperative 'kriyatām'.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, entire

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, entire, whole

Note: Modifies `nagaram`.

क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Root: kṣip (class 6)

Note: Adverbial use.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

स्वलम्कृतम् (svalamkṛtam) - well-adorned, well-decorated

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of svalamkṛta

svalamkṛta - well-adorned, beautifully decorated

Past Passive Participle (compound)

Derived from root kṛ (to do) with prefix alam (to adorn) and su- (well)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+alaṅkṛta)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• alaṅkṛta – adorned, decorated, ornamented
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root kṛ (to do) with prefix alam (to adorn)
  Prefix: alam
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies `nagaram`.

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