महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-79, verse-17

भीष्म उवाच ।
परमिदमिति भूमिपो विचिन्त्य प्रवरमृषेर्वचनं ततो महात्मा ।
व्यसृजत नियतात्मवान्द्विजेभ्यः सुबहु च गोधनमाप्तवांश्च लोकान् ॥१७॥

17. bhīṣma uvāca ,
paramidamiti bhūmipo vicintya; pravaramṛṣervacanaṁ tato mahātmā ,
vyasṛjata niyatātmavāndvijebhyaḥ; subahu ca godhanamāptavāṁśca lokān.

17. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca param idam iti bhūmipaḥ
vicintya pravara-ṛṣeḥ vacanam tataḥ
mahātmā vyasṛjata niyata-ātma-vān dvijebhyaḥ
subahu ca godhanam āptavān ca lokān

17. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca: bhūmipaḥ,
niyata-ātma-vān mahātmā,
pravara-ṛṣeḥ idam param vacanam iti vicintya,
tataḥ dvijebhyaḥ subahu godhanam vyasṛjata ca lokān āptavān

17. Bhishma said: Having thus considered this excellent statement of the foremost sage, that great-souled king, being self-controlled, then distributed a great many cattle to the Brahmins and also attained (higher) worlds.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (Bhishma (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, he spoke)

• परम् (param) - excellent (supreme, excellent, highest)

• इदम् (idam) - this (statement) (this)

• इति (iti) - thus (referring to the content of the sage's words) (thus, in this manner (marks direct speech or thought))

• भूमिपः (bhūmipaḥ) - the king (king, ruler of the earth)

• विचिन्त्य (vicintya) - having considered (having thought, having considered, having pondered)

• प्रवर-ऋषेः (pravara-ṛṣeḥ) - of the foremost sage (of the best sage, of the excellent seer)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - statement (word, statement, speech)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (then, thence, afterwards)

• महात्मा (mahātmā) - the great-souled one (great-souled, noble, high-minded)

• व्यसृजत (vyasṛjata) - he distributed (he released, he distributed, he gave away)

• नियत-आत्म-वान् (niyata-ātma-vān) - being self-controlled (self-controlled, having a restrained mind/self)

• द्विजेभ्यः (dvijebhyaḥ) - to the Brahmins (to the twice-born, to the Brahmins, to the birds)

• सुबहु (subahu) - a great many (very much, abundant, numerous)

• च (ca) - and

• गोधनम् (godhanam) - cattle (cow-wealth, cattle)

• आप्तवान् (āptavān) - he attained (he obtained, he acquired)

• च (ca) - and also (and)

• लोकान् (lokān) - (higher) worlds (worlds, realms, people)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (Bhishma (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a character in Mahabharata); terrible, formidable

Note: Speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

परम् (param) - excellent (supreme, excellent, highest)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of para

para - other, another, distant, supreme, excellent

Note: Agrees with 'vacanam'.

इदम् (idam) - this (statement) (this)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Agrees with 'vacanam'.

इति (iti) - thus (referring to the content of the sage's words) (thus, in this manner (marks direct speech or thought))

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to mark the content of 'vicintya'.

भूमिपः (bhūmipaḥ) - the king (king, ruler of the earth)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhūmipa

bhūmipa - king, ruler of the earth

Tatpurusha compound (bhūmeḥ paḥ).

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhūmi+pa)

• bhūmi – earth, ground, land
  noun (feminine)
• pa – protector, ruler, drinker
  noun (masculine)
  From root √pā (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'vyasṛjata'.

विचिन्त्य (vicintya) - having considered (having thought, having considered, having pondered)

(indeclinable)

Gerund (Absolutive)

Derived from root √cint with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: cint (class 10)

Note: Modifies the action of the king.

प्रवर-ऋषेः (pravara-ṛṣeḥ) - of the foremost sage (of the best sage, of the excellent seer)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pravara-ṛṣi

pravara-ṛṣi - best sage, excellent seer, chief of sages

Tatpurusha compound (pravaraḥ ṛṣiḥ).

Compound type : tatpurusha (pravara+ṛṣi)

• pravara – excellent, chief, foremost
  adjective
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)

Note: Possessive for 'vacanam'.

वचनम् (vacanam) - statement (word, statement, speech)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speaking, statement, word, speech

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'vicintya'.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (then, thence, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates sequence of events.

महात्मा (mahātmā) - the great-souled one (great-souled, noble, high-minded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, high-minded, venerable person

Bahuvrihi compound (mahān ātmā yasya saḥ).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, vast
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'bhūmipaḥ'.

व्यसृजत (vyasṛjata) - he distributed (he released, he distributed, he gave away)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of sṛj

Prefix: vi

Root: sṛj (class 6)

नियत-आत्म-वान् (niyata-ātma-vān) - being self-controlled (self-controlled, having a restrained mind/self)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyata-ātma-vat

niyata-ātma-vat - self-controlled, having a restrained self

Adjective formed with suffix -vat from a Tatpurusha compound niyata-ātman.

Compound type : tatpurusha (niyata+ātman)

• niyata – restrained, controlled, disciplined, fixed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √yam with prefix ni-.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: yam (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, mind
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'bhūmipaḥ'.

द्विजेभ्यः (dvijebhyaḥ) - to the Brahmins (to the twice-born, to the Brahmins, to the birds)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born, Brahmin, bird, tooth

Bahuvrihi compound (dvau janmanī yasya saḥ).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvi+janman)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• janman – birth, origin
  noun (neuter)

Note: Recipient of the gifts.

सुबहु (subahu) - a great many (very much, abundant, numerous)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of subahu

subahu - very much, abundant, numerous

Karmadhāraya compound with su- as intensifier.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+bahu)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• bahu – many, much, abundant
  adjective

Note: Agrees with 'godhanam'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'subahu' with 'godhanam'.

गोधनम् (godhanam) - cattle (cow-wealth, cattle)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of godhana

godhana - cow-wealth, cattle, property consisting of cows

Tatpurusha compound (gavām dhanam).

Compound type : tatpurusha (go+dhana)

• go – cow, cattle
  noun (feminine)
• dhana – wealth, property, riches
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'vyasṛjata'.

आप्तवान् (āptavān) - he attained (he obtained, he acquired)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āptavat

āptavat - one who has obtained/acquired

Past Active Participle

Derived from root √āp with suffix -vat.

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'bhūmipaḥ' and acts as a finite verb in compound sentences.

च (ca) - and also (and)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two main actions: distributing cattle and attaining worlds.

लोकान् (lokān) - (higher) worlds (worlds, realms, people)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people, division of the universe

Note: Object of 'āptavān'.

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