महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-65, verse-12

तिलहोमपरा विप्राः सर्वे संयतमैथुनाः ।
समा गव्येन हविषा प्रवृत्तिषु च संस्थिताः ॥१२॥

12. tilahomaparā viprāḥ sarve saṁyatamaithunāḥ ,
samā gavyena haviṣā pravṛttiṣu ca saṁsthitāḥ.

12. tilahomaparāḥ viprāḥ sarve saṃyatamathunāḥ
samāḥ gavyena haviṣā pravṛttiṣu ca saṃsthitāḥ

12. sarve viprāḥ tilahomaparāḥ saṃyatamathunāḥ
gavyena haviṣā pravṛttiṣu ca saṃsthitāḥ samāḥ

12. All brahmins (viprāḥ) who are dedicated to sesame seed fire rituals (homa), who have controlled their sexual desires, and who are established in equanimity, using ghee (haviṣā) in their various actions, are equally situated.

Words meanings summery:

• तिलहोमपराः (tilahomaparāḥ) - dedicated to sesame seed fire rituals

• विप्राः (viprāḥ) - brahmins, learned persons

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

• संयतमथुनाः (saṁyatamathunāḥ) - those who have controlled their sexual desires

• समाः (samāḥ) - equanimous, equally situated (equal, even, same, equanimous)

• गव्येन (gavyena) - with ghee (clarified butter) (with ghee, with products of a cow)

• हविषा (haviṣā) - with oblation, specifically with ghee, as an offering (with oblation, with sacrificial offering)

• प्रवृत्तिषु (pravṛttiṣu) - in their various actions or observances (in activities, in observances, in engagements)

• च (ca) - and, also

• संस्थिताः (saṁsthitāḥ) - established (in equanimity) (established, fixed, situated, firm)

Words meanings and morphology

तिलहोमपराः (tilahomaparāḥ) - dedicated to sesame seed fire rituals

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tilahomapara

tilahomapara - dedicated to performing fire rituals with sesame seeds

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tila+homa+para)

• tila – sesame seed
  noun (masculine)
• homa – Vedic fire ritual, oblation into fire
  noun (masculine)
  From root hu (to offer)
  Root: hu (class 3)
• para – devoted to, intent on, supreme, ultimate
  adjective (masculine)

Note: This is a Bahuvrihi compound with 'para' as the final member denoting devotion.

विप्राः (viprāḥ) - brahmins, learned persons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vipra

vipra - a brahmin, a sage, inspired, learned

Note: Refers to the brahmins in general.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Functions as an adjective here, qualifying 'viprāḥ'.

संयतमथुनाः (saṁyatamathunāḥ) - those who have controlled their sexual desires

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃyatamathuna

saṁyatamathuna - one whose sexual desires are controlled, continent

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saṃyata+maithuna)

• saṃyata – controlled, restrained, self-controlled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root yam (to restrain) with prefix sam-
  Prefix: sam
  Root: yam (class 1)
• maithuna – sexual intercourse, copulation, union
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the brahmins.

समाः (samāḥ) - equanimous, equally situated (equal, even, same, equanimous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sama

sama - same, equal, similar, even, impartial, tranquil

Note: Qualifies 'viprāḥ'.

गव्येन (gavyena) - with ghee (clarified butter) (with ghee, with products of a cow)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of gavya

gavya - derived from cow, belonging to cow, ghee, milk, cow-products

Derived from go (cow)

Note: Refers to ghee, an offering.

हविषा (haviṣā) - with oblation, specifically with ghee, as an offering (with oblation, with sacrificial offering)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of havis

havis - oblation, sacrificial offering (especially ghee)

Root: hu (class 3)

Note: 'Gavyena haviṣā' implies 'by means of ghee as an offering'.

प्रवृत्तिषु (pravṛttiṣu) - in their various actions or observances (in activities, in observances, in engagements)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of pravṛtti

pravṛtti - activity, action, practice, observance, engagement, manifestation

From root vṛt (to turn) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

संस्थिताः (saṁsthitāḥ) - established (in equanimity) (established, fixed, situated, firm)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃsthita

saṁsthita - established, placed, situated, firm, abiding

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā (to stand) with prefix sam-

Prefix: sam

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'viprāḥ'.

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