महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-65, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
दह्यमानाय विप्राय यः प्रयच्छत्युपानहौ ।
यत्फलं तस्य भवति तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
dahyamānāya viprāya yaḥ prayacchatyupānahau ,
yatphalaṁ tasya bhavati tanme brūhi pitāmaha.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca dahyamānāya viprāya yaḥ prayacchati
upānahau yat phalaṃ tasya bhavati tat me brūhi pitāmaha

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: 'O grandfather, please tell me what reward accrues to him who gives sandals to a brahmin suffering from heat.'

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of a Pāṇḍava prince)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• दह्यमानाय (dahyamānāya) - to one who is burning, suffering from heat

• विप्राय (viprāya) - to a brahmin, to an inspired person

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• प्रयच्छति (prayacchati) - gives, offers, bestows

• उपानहौ (upānahau) - two sandals, a pair of shoes

• यत् (yat) - what, which

• फलं (phalaṁ) - fruit, result, reward

• तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to the giver of sandals) (his, of him, of that)

• भवति (bhavati) - is, becomes, exists, happens

• तत् (tat) - that (reward) (that, therefore)

• मे (me) - to me, for me (dative/genitive of 'I')

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak, say

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandfather (addressing Bhīṣma) (O grandfather! (vocative))

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of a Pāṇḍava prince)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava)

Formed from `yudhi` (in battle, locative of `yudh`) and `sthira` (firm).

Compound type : aluk tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
  Locative form of `yudh`.
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, constant
  adjective (masculine)
  From √sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense

Irregular perfect form, 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

दह्यमानाय (dahyamānāya) - to one who is burning, suffering from heat

(participle)

Dative, masculine, singular of dahyamāna

dahyamāna - burning, being burned, suffering from heat

present passive participle

From √dah (to burn), passive stem `dahya-` + `māna` suffix.

Root: dah (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `viprāya`.

विप्राय (viprāya) - to a brahmin, to an inspired person

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - brahmin, learned person, inspired

Root: vip (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Subject of `prayacchati`.

प्रयच्छति (prayacchati) - gives, offers, bestows

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of yacch

Present stem of √yam (to restrain, give), with prefix `pra`.

Prefix: pra

Root: yam (class 1)

उपानहौ (upānahau) - two sandals, a pair of shoes

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, dual of upānah

upānah - sandal, shoe

From upa- + √nah (to bind).

Prefix: upa

Root: nah (class 4)

Note: Represents a pair of sandals.

यत् (yat) - what, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - what, which (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to `phalaṃ`.

फलं (phalaṁ) - fruit, result, reward

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward

तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to the giver of sandals) (his, of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

भवति (bhavati) - is, becomes, exists, happens

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of bhū

Present stem `bhava-` from √bhū (class 1).

Root: bhū (class 1)

तत् (tat) - that (reward) (that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Object of `brūhi`.

मे (me) - to me, for me (dative/genitive of 'I')

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of mad

mad - I (pronoun)

Enclitic form of `aham` (I), used as dative or genitive.

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak, say

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

imperative

Imperative form, 2nd person singular.

Root: brū (class 2)

पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandfather (addressing Bhīṣma) (O grandfather! (vocative))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather, great father, Brahma (as the great ancestor)

Compound of `pitṛ` (father) and `maha` (great), or `pitā` (father) and `maha` (great).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa or karmadhāraya (pitā+maha)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
  Nominative singular of `pitṛ`.
• maha – great, illustrious (often as suffix for 'great')
  adjective/suffix
  Not a standalone word `maha` but part of forming `pitāmaha`. Derived from `mahat`.

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