महानिर्वाण-तन्त्रम्
mahānirvāṇa-tantram
-
chapter-8, verse-62
सत्यं मृदु प्रियं धीरो वाक्यं हितकरं वदेत् ।
आत्मौत्कर्ष्यं तथा निन्दां परेषां परिवर्जयेत् ॥६२॥
आत्मौत्कर्ष्यं तथा निन्दां परेषां परिवर्जयेत् ॥६२॥
62. satyaṁ mṛdu priyaṁ dhīro vākyaṁ hitakaraṁ vadet ,
ātmautkarṣyaṁ tathā nindāṁ pareṣāṁ parivarjayet.
ātmautkarṣyaṁ tathā nindāṁ pareṣāṁ parivarjayet.
62.
satyam mṛdu priyam dhīraḥ vākyam hitakaram vadet
ātmautkarṣyam tathā nindām pareṣām parivarjayet
ātmautkarṣyam tathā nindām pareṣām parivarjayet
62.
dhīraḥ satyam mṛdu priyam hitakaram vākyam vadet
tathā ātmautkarṣyam pareṣām nindām ca parivarjayet
tathā ātmautkarṣyam pareṣām nindām ca parivarjayet
62. A steadfast person should speak truthful, gentle, pleasant, and beneficial words. He should completely avoid self-praise as well as the slander of others.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, truthful
- मृदु (mṛdu) - gentle, soft, mild
- प्रियम् (priyam) - pleasant, dear, agreeable
- धीरः (dhīraḥ) - steadfast, wise, resolute, brave
- वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech, word, statement
- हितकरम् (hitakaram) - beneficial, doing good
- वदेत् (vadet) - should speak, should say
- आत्मौत्कर्ष्यम् (ātmautkarṣyam) - self-praise, self-exaltation
- तथा (tathā) - thus, so, and, as well as
- निन्दाम् (nindām) - censure, blame, slander, criticism
- परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of others, of other people
- परिवर्जयेत् (parivarjayet) - should avoid completely, should abandon
Words meanings and morphology
सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, truthful
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of satya
satya - true, real, truthful
Root: as (class 2)
मृदु (mṛdu) - gentle, soft, mild
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of mṛdu
mṛdu - soft, gentle
प्रियम् (priyam) - pleasant, dear, agreeable
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of priya
priya - dear, pleasant
धीरः (dhīraḥ) - steadfast, wise, resolute, brave
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dhīra
dhīra - steady, wise, resolute
Root: dhī (class 4)
वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech, word, statement
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya
vākya - speech, sentence
From vac
Root: vac (class 2)
हितकरम् (hitakaram) - beneficial, doing good
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of hitakara
hitakara - beneficial, helpful
Compound of hita (benefit/good) and kara (making)
Compound type : tatpurusha (hita+kara)
- hita – good, beneficial, welfare
adjective (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
From root dhā
Root: dhā (class 3) - kara – making, doing
adjective (masculine)
From root kṛ
Root: kṛ (class 8)
वदेत् (vadet) - should speak, should say
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of vad
Root: vad (class 1)
आत्मौत्कर्ष्यम् (ātmautkarṣyam) - self-praise, self-exaltation
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of ātmautkarṣya
ātmautkarṣya - self-exaltation, self-praise
Compound of ātman (self) and utkarṣya (exaltation), with vriddhi sandhi (ātma-utkarṣya)
Compound type : tatpurusha (ātman+utkarṣya)
- ātman – self
noun (masculine) - utkarṣya – exaltation, superiority
noun (neuter)
Gerundive
From ud + kṛṣ
Prefix: ud
Root: kṛṣ (class 1)
तथा (tathā) - thus, so, and, as well as
(indeclinable)
निन्दाम् (nindām) - censure, blame, slander, criticism
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of nindā
nindā - blame, censure, slander
From nind
Root: nind (class 1)
परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of others, of other people
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of para
para - other, supreme
परिवर्जयेत् (parivarjayet) - should avoid completely, should abandon
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of parivarjaya
Causative
From pari + vi + vṛj
Prefixes: pari+vi
Root: vṛj (class 1)