योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-89, verse-4

बाह्यदृष्टिर्हि नियतं सुखदुःखादि विन्दति ।
नान्तर्मुखतया योगी देहे वेत्ति प्रियाप्रिये ॥ ४ ॥

bāhyadṛṣṭirhi niyataṃ sukhaduḥkhādi vindati ,
nāntarmukhatayā yogī dehe vetti priyāpriye 4

4. bāhyadṛṣṭiḥ hi niyatam sukhaduḥkha ādi vindati
na antarmukhatayā yogī dehe vetti priyāpriye

4. bāhyadṛṣṭiḥ hi niyatam sukhaduḥkha ādi vindati
yogī antarmukhatayā dehe priyāpriye na vetti

4. Indeed, one with an external perspective certainly experiences happiness, sorrow, and other such things. A yogi, however, being inwardly focused (antarmukhatayā), does not perceive pleasant and unpleasant sensations in the body.

Words meanings summery:

• बाह्यदृष्टिः (bāhyadṛṣṭiḥ) - outward vision, external perception

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, for

• नियतम् (niyatam) - certainly (certainly, constantly, fixed)

• सुखदुःख (sukhaduḥkha) - happiness and sorrow, pleasure and pain

• आदि (ādi) - etc., and so forth (beginning, etc., and so on)

• विन्दति (vindati) - finds, obtains, experiences

• न (na) - not

• अन्तर्मुखतया (antarmukhatayā) - by being inwardly focused, through introspection

• योगी (yogī) - a yogi (one who practices yoga)

• देहे (dehe) - in the body

• वेत्ति (vetti) - knows, perceives

• प्रियाप्रिये (priyāpriye) - what is pleasant and unpleasant, likes and dislikes

Words meanings and morphology

बाह्यदृष्टिः (bāhyadṛṣṭiḥ) - outward vision, external perception

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bāhyadṛṣṭi

bāhyadṛṣṭi - external vision, outward perspective

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bāhya+dṛṣṭi)

• bāhya – external, outer
  adjective (neuter)
  Derived from bahis (out) + ya (suffix)
• dṛṣṭi – sight, vision, view, perspective
  noun (feminine)
  From root dṛś (to see)
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, for

(indeclinable)

नियतम् (niyatam) - certainly (certainly, constantly, fixed)

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

From ni + yam (to restrain)

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially, hence neuter singular accusative form.

सुखदुःख (sukhaduḥkha) - happiness and sorrow, pleasure and pain

(noun)

neuter, singular of sukhaduḥkha

sukhaduḥkha - happiness and sorrow, pleasure and pain

Compound type : dvandva (sukha+duḥkha)

• sukha – happiness, pleasure, ease
  noun (neuter)
• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering, unease
  noun (neuter)

Note: Forms a compound with 'ādi' (sukhaduḥkhādi).

आदि (ādi) - etc., and so forth (beginning, etc., and so on)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ādi

ādi - beginning, initial; etc., and so on

Note: Forms a compound 'sukhaduḥkhādi' with the preceding word, functioning as the object of 'vindati'.

विन्दति (vindati) - finds, obtains, experiences

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vind

Root: vid (class 6)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अन्तर्मुखतया (antarmukhatayā) - by being inwardly focused, through introspection

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of antarmukhatā

antarmukhatā - inward focus, introspection, introversion

Derived from antarmukha + tā (suffix for abstract noun)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (antar+mukha)

• antar – within, inside, internal
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth, aspect
  noun (neuter)
• tā – suffix forming abstract nouns, -ness, -hood
  suffix (feminine)

Note: Instrumental case indicates 'by means of'.

योगी (yogī) - a yogi (one who practices yoga)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yogin

yogin - a practitioner of yoga, an ascetic, one endowed with yoga (yoga)

From yoga + -in suffix

देहे (dehe) - in the body

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of deha

deha - body, corporeal frame

वेत्ति (vetti) - knows, perceives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vitt

Root: vid (class 2)

प्रियाप्रिये (priyāpriye) - what is pleasant and unpleasant, likes and dislikes

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, dual of priyāpriya

priyāpriya - pleasant and unpleasant, desirable and undesirable

Dvandva compound of priya and apriya.

Compound type : dvandva (priya+apriya)

• priya – dear, beloved, pleasant
  adjective (neuter)
• apriya – unpleasant, disliked, undesired
  adjective (neuter)
  Negation of priya with 'a-' prefix

Note: Dual form to indicate 'the pleasant and the unpleasant'.

Previous Verse Next Verse