वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-85, verse-10

तामापतन्तीं सहसा शिलां दृष्ट्वा महोदरः ।
असंभ्रान्तस्ततो बाणैर्निर्बिभेद दुरासदाम् ॥१०॥

10. tāmāpatantīṃ sahasā śilāṃ dṛṣṭvā mahodaraḥ ,
asaṃbhrāntastato bāṇairnirbibheda durāsadām.

10. tām āpatantīm sahasā śilām dṛṣṭvā mahodaraḥ
asaṃbhrāntaḥ tataḥ bāṇaiḥ nirbibheda durāsadām

10. Upon seeing that rock suddenly approaching, Mahodara, without agitation, then pierced the unassailable one with his arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - that (rock) (that, her, it)

• आपतन्तीम् (āpatantīm) - approaching (rock) (approaching, falling, descending)

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly (suddenly, quickly, violently)

• शिलाम् (śilām) - rock (stone, rock, slab)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen, having perceived)

• महोदरः (mahodaraḥ) - Mahodara (proper name) (Mahodara (a Rākṣasa), one with a big belly)

• असंभ्रान्तः (asaṁbhrāntaḥ) - without agitation (undisturbed, unconfused, calm)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, from that)

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows (with arrows, by means of arrows)

• निर्बिभेद (nirbibheda) - he pierced (he pierced, he split, he broke through)

• दुरासदाम् (durāsadām) - unassailable (rock) (difficult to approach, unassailable, invincible)

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - that (rock) (that, her, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Feminine accusative singular form of 'tad' referring to 'śilā'.

आपतन्तीम् (āpatantīm) - approaching (rock) (approaching, falling, descending)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of āpatat

āpatat - falling down, descending, approaching

Present Active Participle

From √pat (to fall) with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Feminine accusative singular form of present active participle.

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly (suddenly, quickly, violently)

(indeclinable)

Note: Instrumental form used as an adverb.

शिलाम् (śilām) - rock (stone, rock, slab)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śilā

śilā - a stone, rock, slab

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen, having perceived)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from √dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

महोदरः (mahodaraḥ) - Mahodara (proper name) (Mahodara (a Rākṣasa), one with a big belly)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahodara

mahodara - Mahodara (name of a Rākṣasa); one with a large belly

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+udara)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• udara – belly, abdomen
  noun (neuter)

असंभ्रान्तः (asaṁbhrāntaḥ) - without agitation (undisturbed, unconfused, calm)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asaṃbhrānta

asaṁbhrānta - not agitated, undisturbed, calm, steady

Past Passive Participle (negated)

Negation 'a-' of saṃbhrānta (agitated), from √bhram (to wander, be agitated) with prefix sam-

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+saṃbhrānta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• saṃbhrānta – agitated, confused, disturbed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From √bhram with prefix sam-
  Prefix: sam
  Root: bhram (class 1)

Note: Refers to Mahodara.

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, from that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as an adverb of time.

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows (with arrows, by means of arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

निर्बिभेद (nirbibheda) - he pierced (he pierced, he split, he broke through)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of nirbhid

Perfect Tense

From √bhid (to cleave) with prefix nir-

Prefix: nir

Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: Parasmaipada form.

दुरासदाम् (durāsadām) - unassailable (rock) (difficult to approach, unassailable, invincible)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of durāsada

durāsada - difficult to approach, unassailable, formidable

Gerundive/Kṛt (negated sense)

Compound of dur- (difficult) + ā-sada (to approach, from √sad)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dur+āsada)

• dur – difficult, bad, ill
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness
• āsada – approaching, reaching
  noun/adjective
  From √sad with prefix ā-
  Prefix: ā
  Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'śilām'.

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