वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-94, verse-23

उपायकुशलं वैद्यं भृत्यसंदूषणे रतम् ।
शूरमैश्वर्यकामं च यो न हन्ति स वध्यते ॥२३॥

23. upāyakuśalaṃ vaidyaṃ bhṛtyasaṃdūṣaṇe ratam ,
śūramaiśvaryakāmaṃ ca yo na hanti sa vadhyate.

23. upāyakuśalam vaidyam bhṛtyasaṃdūṣaṇe ratam
śūram aiśvaryakāmam ca yaḥ na hanti saḥ vadhyate

23. yaḥ upāyakuśalam vaidyam bhṛtyasaṃdūṣaṇe ratam śūram aiśvaryakāmam ca na hanti,
saḥ vadhyate

23. He who does not eliminate an expert in stratagems, a person intent on corrupting servants, or a brave man desirous of supreme power, is himself destroyed.

Words meanings summery:

• उपायकुशलम् (upāyakuśalam) - an expert in stratagems (skilled in means, expert in stratagems (accusative))

• वैद्यम् (vaidyam) - an expert (who could be dangerous in political maneuvering) (physician, expert, learned person (accusative))

• भृत्यसंदूषणे (bhṛtyasaṁdūṣaṇe) - in corrupting servants (in corrupting servants, in contaminating dependents (locative))

• रतम् (ratam) - intent on, engaged in (engaged, devoted, attached (accusative))

• शूरम् (śūram) - a brave man (brave, heroic, a hero (accusative))

• ऐश्वर्यकामम् (aiśvaryakāmam) - desirous of supreme power (desirous of sovereignty/power (accusative))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• यः (yaḥ) - he who, whoever (who, whoever)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• हन्ति (hanti) - eliminates, kills (kills, strikes, destroys)

• सः (saḥ) - he (himself) (he, that one)

• वध्यते (vadhyate) - is himself destroyed/killed (is killed, is slain, is punished)

Words meanings and morphology

उपायकुशलम् (upāyakuśalam) - an expert in stratagems (skilled in means, expert in stratagems (accusative))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upāyakuśala

upāyakuśala - skilled in means, adept in stratagems, resourceful

Compound: upāya (means, stratagem) + kuśala (skillful).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (upāya+kuśala)

• upāya – means, expedient, stratagem, device
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: upa
  Root: i (class 2)
• kuśala – skillful, expert, clever, well-being
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies the implied object of 'hanti'.

वैद्यम् (vaidyam) - an expert (who could be dangerous in political maneuvering) (physician, expert, learned person (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaidya

vaidya - physician, doctor, learned, expert, one acquainted with the Vedas

From veda (knowledge) with ya suffix, meaning 'one who knows'.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Object of 'hanti'.

भृत्यसंदूषणे (bhṛtyasaṁdūṣaṇe) - in corrupting servants (in corrupting servants, in contaminating dependents (locative))

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of bhṛtyasaṃdūṣaṇa

bhṛtyasaṁdūṣaṇa - act of corrupting servants, contamination of dependents

Compound: bhṛtya (servant) + saṃdūṣaṇa (corruption). A Tatpurusha compound.

Compound type : Tatpurusha (bhṛtya+saṃdūṣaṇa)

• bhṛtya – servant, dependent, hired person
  noun (masculine)
  Gerundive/Passive Participle
  From root 'bhṛ' (to bear, support, maintain) with 'tya' suffix, meaning 'to be maintained' or 'a maintained one'.
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)
• saṃdūṣaṇa – corruption, defilement, spoiling
  noun (neuter)
  Action noun
  From verb root 'dūṣ' (to spoil, corrupt) with prefix 'sam' and 'ana' suffix.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: dūṣ (class 4)

Note: Refers to the sphere of action for 'ratam'.

रतम् (ratam) - intent on, engaged in (engaged, devoted, attached (accusative))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rata

rata - engaged in, devoted to, pleased, delighted

Past Passive Participle

From root ram (to delight, to stop).

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Modifies the implied object of 'hanti'.

शूरम् (śūram) - a brave man (brave, heroic, a hero (accusative))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śūra

śūra - brave, valiant, heroic; a hero, warrior

Note: Object of 'hanti'.

ऐश्वर्यकामम् (aiśvaryakāmam) - desirous of supreme power (desirous of sovereignty/power (accusative))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aiśvaryakāma

aiśvaryakāma - desirous of sovereignty, longing for power

Compound: aiśvarya (sovereignty, power) + kāma (desirous of).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (aiśvarya+kāma)

• aiśvarya – sovereignty, power, dominion, wealth
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from 'īśvara' (lord) with suffix 'ya'.
• kāma – desire, wish, longing
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'kam' (to desire).
  Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'śūram'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects 'śūram aiśvaryakāmam' with the previous items.

यः (yaḥ) - he who, whoever (who, whoever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Nominative singular masculine of the relative pronoun yad.

Note: Relates to 'saḥ'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negation particle.

Note: Negates 'hanti'.

हन्ति (hanti) - eliminates, kills (kills, strikes, destroys)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of han

Present active indicative

From root han.

Root: han (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - he (himself) (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Nominative singular masculine of the demonstrative pronoun tad.

Note: Subject of 'vadhyate'.

वध्यते (vadhyate) - is himself destroyed/killed (is killed, is slain, is punished)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vadh

Present passive indicative

From root vadh (to strike, kill). Passive form vadhyate.

Root: vadh (class 1)

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