वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-30, verse-8

या न शक्या पुरा द्रष्टुं भूतैराकाशगैरपि ।
तामद्य सीतां पश्यन्ति राजमार्गगता जनाः ॥८॥

8. yā na śakyā purā draṣṭuṃ bhūtairākāśagairapi ,
tāmadya sītāṃ paśyanti rājamārgagatā janāḥ.

8. yā na śakyā purā draṣṭum bhūtaiḥ ākāśagaiḥ api
tām adya sītām paśyanti rājamārgagatāḥ janāḥ

8. janāḥ rājamārgagatāḥ adya paśyanti tām sītām
yā purā na śakyā draṣṭum bhūtaiḥ api ākāśagaiḥ

8. Sita, who formerly could not be seen even by beings moving in the sky, is today seen by people walking on the royal highway.

Words meanings summery:

• या (yā) - who, which

• न (na) - not

• शक्या (śakyā) - capable, possible, able

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously, in ancient times

• द्रष्टुम् (draṣṭum) - to be seen (used with śakyā, implying passive sense) (to see, to perceive, to look at)

• भूतैः (bhūtaiḥ) - by beings, by creatures, by living beings

• आकाशगैः (ākāśagaiḥ) - by sky-going ones, by those moving in the sky

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• ताम् (tām) - her, that

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• सीताम् (sītām) - Sita

• पश्यन्ति (paśyanti) - they see, they behold

• राजमार्गगताः (rājamārgagatāḥ) - those walking on the royal highway, highway-goers

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people, men, folk

Words meanings and morphology

या (yā) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

शक्या (śakyā) - capable, possible, able

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, capable, practicable, able to be

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

Future passive participle (gerundive) of the root 'śak' (to be able)

Root: śak (class 5)

पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously, in ancient times

(indeclinable)

द्रष्टुम् (draṣṭum) - to be seen (used with śakyā, implying passive sense) (to see, to perceive, to look at)

(verb)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of the root 'dṛś'

Root: dṛś (class 1)

भूतैः (bhūtaiḥ) - by beings, by creatures, by living beings

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, past, happened

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of the root 'bhū' (to be, to become)

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Used here in masculine context for 'beings'.

आकाशगैः (ākāśagaiḥ) - by sky-going ones, by those moving in the sky

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ākāśaga

ākāśaga - moving in the sky, sky-going

Compound type : tatpurusha (ākāśa+ga)

• ākāśa – sky, space, ether
  noun (masculine)
• ga – going, moving, situated in
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'gam' (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

ताम् (tām) - her, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

सीताम् (sītām) - Sita

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sītā

sītā - Sita (name of Janaka's daughter and Rama's wife); furrow, cultivated land

पश्यन्ति (paśyanti) - they see, they behold

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

राजमार्गगताः (rājamārgagatāḥ) - those walking on the royal highway, highway-goers

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājamārgagata

rājamārgagata - gone to or walking on the royal highway

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājamārga+gata)

• rājamārga – royal road, highway
  noun (masculine)
• gata – gone, arrived, reached
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root 'gam' (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

जनाः (janāḥ) - people, men, folk

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, man, creature, people

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