महानिर्वाण-तन्त्रम्
mahānirvāṇa-tantram
-
chapter-8, verse-223
विहाय वृद्धौ पितरौ शिशुं भार्यां पतिव्रताम् ।
त्यक्त्वाऽसमर्थान् बन्धूंश्च प्रव्रजन्नारकी भवेत् ॥२२३॥
त्यक्त्वाऽसमर्थान् बन्धूंश्च प्रव्रजन्नारकी भवेत् ॥२२३॥
223. vihāya vṛddhau pitarau śiśuṁ bhāryāṁ pativratām ,
tyaktvā'samarthān bandhūṁśca pravrajannārakī bhavet.
tyaktvā'samarthān bandhūṁśca pravrajannārakī bhavet.
223.
vihāya vṛddhau pitarau śiśuṃ bhāryāṃ pativratām
tyaktvā asamarthān bandhūn ca pravrajan nārakī bhavet
tyaktvā asamarthān bandhūn ca pravrajan nārakī bhavet
223.
vṛddhau pitarau śiśuṃ pativratāṃ bhāryāṃ ca vihāya
asamarthān bandhūn tyaktvā pravrajan nārakī bhavet
asamarthān bandhūn tyaktvā pravrajan nārakī bhavet
223. Leaving elderly parents, an infant child, and a devoted wife, and abandoning helpless relatives, one who takes up the wandering life of sannyāsa becomes destined for hell.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- विहाय (vihāya) - leaving, abandoning, having left
- वृद्धौ (vṛddhau) - old, aged, elderly
- पितरौ (pitarau) - parents, father and mother
- शिशुम् (śiśum) - infant, child, young one
- भार्याम् (bhāryām) - wife, woman to be maintained
- पतिव्रताम् (pativratām) - devoted wife, chaste woman devoted to her husband
- त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - abandoning, having left, having forsaken
- असमर्थान् (asamarthān) - incapable, helpless, unable to care for themselves
- बन्धून् (bandhūn) - relatives, kinsmen
- च (ca) - and
- प्रव्रजन् (pravrajan) - wandering forth, entering the life of an ascetic, taking sannyāsa
- नारकी (nārakī) - destined for hell, hellish
- भवेत् (bhavet) - becomes, should be
Words meanings and morphology
विहाय (vihāya) - leaving, abandoning, having left
(indeclinable)
absolutive
root hā with prefix vi
Prefix: vi
Root: hā (class 3)
Note: absolutive of vi + hā
वृद्धौ (vṛddhau) - old, aged, elderly
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, dual of vṛddha
vṛddha - old, aged, grown, expanded
Past Passive Participle
from vṛdh
Root: vṛdh (class 1)
Note: modifier of pitarau
पितरौ (pitarau) - parents, father and mother
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, dual of pitṛ
pitṛ - father, ancestor
शिशुम् (śiśum) - infant, child, young one
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of śiśu
śiśu - child, infant
भार्याम् (bhāryām) - wife, woman to be maintained
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of bhāryā
bhāryā - wife
पतिव्रताम् (pativratām) - devoted wife, chaste woman devoted to her husband
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of pativratā
pativratā - devoted wife
pati + vratā (vow to husband)
Compound type : bahuvrihi (pati+vratā)
- pati – husband, lord
noun (masculine) - vratā – vow, religious duty
noun (feminine)
त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - abandoning, having left, having forsaken
(indeclinable)
absolutive
root tyaj
Root: tyaj (class 1)
Note: absolutive of tyaj
असमर्थान् (asamarthān) - incapable, helpless, unable to care for themselves
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, plural of asamartha
asamartha - incapable, weak, helpless
na + samartha
Compound type : tatpurusha (a+samartha)
- a – not, non
indeclinable - samartha – capable, able
adjective (masculine)
बन्धून् (bandhūn) - relatives, kinsmen
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of bandhu
bandhu - relative, kinsman, friend
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
प्रव्रजन् (pravrajan) - wandering forth, entering the life of an ascetic, taking sannyāsa
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of pravrajat
pravrajat - wandering forth, renouncing
Present Active Participle
root vraj with prefix pra
Prefix: pra
Root: vraj (class 1)
Note: participle from pra + vraj
नारकी (nārakī) - destined for hell, hellish
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nārakin
nārakin - dwelling in hell, destined for hell
from naraka
भवेत् (bhavet) - becomes, should be
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of bhū
Root: bhū (class 1)